whats the two way in which mammals ar adapted to live in climates that ar vy cold?

Question

whats the two way in which mammals ar adapted to live in climates that ar vy cold? thxx

Answer 1

Changes in body size and shape represent some examples of such adaptations.

In fact, some common adaptations of mammals to cold climates are described by two so-called "ecogeographic rules" (=general principles that link body traits with climate characteristics).

Bergmann's rule states that there is a direct correlation between body mass of homeotherms (including mammals) and environmental temperature. For a pair of related mammals, the one living in colder climates will be larger than the one living in warmer areas. This represents an adaptation to minimize heat loss to the environment, since a larger animal has relatively less surface area with respect to its volume (and heat exchange occurs at the body surface).

According to Allen's rule, homeotherms in colder climates have smaller protruding organs (snout, ears, legs) than those in warmer climates. This represents another way of minimizing heat exchange.

Thick fur, a layer of subcutaneous fat, and many physiological specializations are also adaptive in cold climates.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

there several:
-light color coats, for camouflage
-large stores of fat
-a diet of mostly protein, for some species, when vegetation is scarce
-small ears, short legs, and other reduction of extemity surface area
-arctic foxes have a unique system where blood in their legs almost freezes, and is heated back up to body temp. by a network of capillary beds carrying blood from the heart.
-some species of fish produce antifreeze in their blood
-layered fur, down, or hair, with insulating properites
-hollow hairs, again with insulating properties

Answer 4

fat layers called blubber and fur