how can we convert a nitrile into an aldehyde ( RCHO) ?

Question

explanation please

thanx

Answer 1

You use the Stephen aldehyde synthesis:

R-CN + HCl + SnCl2 → [R-CH=NH2]+Cl- + H2O → R-CHO

The nitrile forms an iminium salt with tin chloride which is then hydrolysed to the aldehyde.

Answer 2

Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE). This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using Tin(II) chloride (SnCl2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH2]+Cl-) with water (H2O) [1] .

OR

you can use the strecker synthesis, from a nitrile you oxydize it to a COOH with OH- and H2O.
Then you reduce the acid to aldehyde.

Answer 3

Sn/HCl or LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3

will do the conversion of the nitrile to the hydride

do you need the mechanism? Otherwise list it as an redox reaction.