On August 2, 1964, just days after the U.S. increased the number of military advisers in South Vietnam to 21,000, the destroyer USS Maddox reported being attacked by three North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin off the coast of North Vietnam. It was on an intelligence mission in support of covert South Vietnamese attacks on North Vietnam. A second attack was reported later. The circumstances of the attack were murky. It is possible that a radar malfunction led the crew to believe they were under attack. Questions were later raised as to how aware the Johnson Whitehouse was of the questionable attack. The second attack on the USS Maddox led to retaliatory strikes by the U.S. and prompted Congress to approve the Southeast Asia Resolution (commonly known as the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. The resolution gave the president power to conduct military operations without a declaration of war. It was later revealed that the second attack on the Maddox never occured. Rather, reaction to the attack came to be view as a piece of political theater, orchestrated by the Johnson administration, in order to gain approval for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.[11]
The National Security Council recommended that Johnson adopt a plan for a three-stage escalation of the bombing of North Vietnam. On March 2, 1965, following an attack on a U.S. Marine barracks at Pleiku (see Operation Flaming Dart), Operation Rolling Thunder commenced. The bombing campaign, which would ultimately last three years, was intended to force North Vietnam to cease its support for the NLF in South Vietnam by threatening to destroy North Vietnam's industrial, transportation, and air defense infrastructures and bolster the morale of the South Vietnamese.[12] Bombing was not restricted to North Vietnam, and other aerial campaigns, such as Operation Commando Hunt, targeted different parts of the NLF and PAVN infrastructure, including their supply chains (most famously the Ho Chi Minh Trail) that ran through Laos, Cambodia and of course South Vietnam.
After several attacks it was decided that U.S. Air Force bases in South Vietnam needed more protection, so on 8 March 1965, 3,500 United States Marines were dispatched to South Vietnam. This marked the begining of the ground war between the United States and Vietnamese communist forces. Due to attacks from the NLF, Operation Starlite began as the first major ground operation by U.S. troops and proved largely successful; learning from their defeat, the NLF began to engage in small-unit guerrilla warfare instead of conventional American-style warfare. This allowed them to control the pace of the fighting, engaging U.S. and South Vietnamese forces only when they believed they had a decisive advantage.
The Ho Chi Minh Trail, 1967Under the command of General Westmoreland, the U.S. dramatically increased its troop commitment in Vietnam from 16,000 military advisers in early 1964 to more than 553,000 servicemen by 1969. Because of this decision, allies Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines agreed to send in troops as well, which were supported by U.S. aid money and logistics. This allowed for more complex operations on the behalf of the U.S., such as operations Masher, Attleboro, Cedar Falls, and Junction City. However, communist forces remained elusive and demonstrated great tactical flexibility.
Meanwhile, the political situation in South Vietnam began to stabilize with the election of Nguyen Van Thieu as President and Nguyen Cao Ky as Vice President in 1967. This ended a long series of military juntas that had begun with Diem's assassination in 1963. The relative calm allowed the ARVN to collaborate more effectively with their western allies, and to become a more effective force in the war.
General Nguyen Ngoc Loan executes an NLF officer in Saigon during the Tet Offensive.Having lured General Westmoreland's forces into the hinterland (Khe Sahn), in January 1968, the PAVN and NLF broke the truce that had traditionally accompanied the Lunar New Year (Tet) holiday. They launched the surprise Tet Offensive in the hopes of sparking a South Vietnamese uprising. Although the U.S. and South Vietnamese were initially taken aback by the scale of the offensive, they responded quickly and decimated the ranks of the NLF. Despite its tactical failure, however, the Tet Offensive effectively ended the political career of President Johnson, who declined to run for re-election and spent the rest of his term working for peace. The Tet Offensive was the turning point in America's involvement in the Vietnam War and had a devastaing impact on domestic support for the conflict.
Vietnamese children flee an ARVN napalm strikeOn May 10, 1968, in spite of low expectations, peace talks began in Paris between the U.S. and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV). Negotiations stagnated for five months, until Johnson gave preliminary orders to halt the bombing of North Vietnam. This gave an electoral boost to the Democratic candidate, Vice-President Hubert Humphrey, who was running against Republican former Vice-President Richard Nixon. Through an intermediary, Nixon advised Saigon to refuse to participate in the talks until after elections, claiming that Nixon would give them a better deal once elected. Thieu obliged, leaving almost no progress made in the negotiations by the time Johnson left office.
2007-03-10 05:20:24
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answer #1
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answered by A New Life 3
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Sure I can tell you about the war in Vietnam. It did not start with the Americans, a fact that Ja890 has ignored. The war started with the Vietnamese fighting the French for their survival and independence in December,1946. The only political power in Vietnam seeking independence and willing to fight for Vietnam's survival at the time was the Viet Minh. The CIA reported in 1949 - "The vast majority of the people, including a majority of the generally anti-Communist Catholics, supported Ho Chi Minh in the fight against the French."
I can provide much more, but I will list my sources instead since they are both worth reading and they contain a lot of facts that are continually ignored here on YA! Keep reading!
2007-03-10 03:56:12
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answer #2
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answered by WMD 7
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regardless of the reality that many say that u . s . lost the Vietnam conflict, in lots of techniques replaced into additionally a victory. simply by conflict, after it replaced into over '5' countries have been liberated from the dictatorship of Communism: Philippines, Malasya, Thailand, Singapore, and the final expelling the Communist Russians out of their land in 1966, replaced into Indonesia. And, in this devastating conflict, the same old soldier replaced into 23 years previous, and their leaders, including officers, have been of an usual of basically 28 years previous...
2016-10-18 00:56:16
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answer #3
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answered by ? 4
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Wow....pretty big question that can't exactly be summed up in a short paragraph. You need to do some real research for your project.
Cliff's Notes Answer: Stop the spread of Communism throughout SE Asia, as the Domino Theory stated as one country fell to Communism, then so would its neighbor, etc.
2007-03-10 03:03:25
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answer #4
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answered by Anonymous
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Yes. We lost 58,000 troops. The Vietamese lost 600,000+ troops. Unfortunately, we had anti-war protesters at home. The popular opinion went way down, and we withdrew, and North Vietnam conquered South vietnam, but we won the war. This is what will happen to Iraq if we keep going.
2007-03-10 03:03:06
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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To do a decent job on this question would take all day. Not really what Answers is intended to do.
2007-03-10 04:00:50
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answer #6
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answered by bigjohn B 7
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Their are several books and info go to the library.their are alot of videos also.
2007-03-10 03:40:44
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answer #7
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answered by blue2602001 3
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www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam
www.vietnamwar.net/history/history.htm
2007-03-10 03:11:05
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answer #8
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answered by shanekeavy 5
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_war
2007-03-10 03:11:28
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answer #9
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answered by thegambler560 2
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