Body energy systems - ATP?

Question

once adenosene triphospahate (ATP) is used as energy and becomes adenosene diphosphate (ADP)... how is another phospahte molecule later resynthesised to ADP to become ATP... and how does creatrine phosphate fit into this, thanks

Answer 1

ATP can be produced by redox reactions using simple and complex sugars (carbohydrates) or lipids as an energy source. For ATP to be synthesized from complex fuels, they first need to be broken down into their basic components. Carbohydrates are hydrolysed into simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose. Fats (triglycerides) are metabolised to give fatty acids and glycerol.

Substrate-level phosphorylation is a type of chemical reaction that results in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the direct transfer of a phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) from a reactive intermediate. In cells, it occurs in the cytoplasm (in glycolysis) and the mitochondrial matrix or cytoplasm (in the citric acid cycle) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

In the pay-off phase of glycolysis, four ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation: two 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate are converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by transferring a phosphate group to ADP; two phosphoenolpyruvate are converted to pyruvate by the transfer of their phosphate groups to ADP.

In the citric acid cycle, one guanosine triphosphate (GTP) (which can donate a phosphate group to ADP or UDP, forming the respective triphosphates (a near equilibrium reaction catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase)) is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation (per cycle, with 2 cycles per glucose molecule) when succinyl-CoA synthetase converts succinyl-CoA to succinate.

An alternative way to create ATP is through oxidative phosphorylation, which takes place during the process of aerobic cellular respiration, in addition to the substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Substrate-level phosphorylation is also seen in working skeletal muscles and the brain. Phosphocreatine is stored as a readily available high-energy phosphate supply, and the enzyme creatine phosphokinase transfers a phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP to produce ATP. Then the ATP releases giving chemical energy.

Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate or PCr, is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that is an important energy store in skeletal muscle. It is used to generate ATP from ADP, forming creatine for the 2 to 7 seconds following an intense effort. This reaction is reversible and it therefore acts as a spatial and temporal buffer of ATP concentration. Phosphocreatine plays a particularly important role in tissues that have high, fluctuating energy demands such as muscle and brain. Creatine phosphate is synthesized in the liver, and transported to the muscle cells for storage.

Answer 2

When ATP becomes Adenosine diphospate, the other phosphate just becomes an inorganic phospate. Creatine phosphate is the form of energy stored in muscles, and it can readily add the inorganic phosphate to the Adenosine diphosphate to make more ATP-this provides the energy for your muscles to move.

Answer 3

The whole chain will go through Phosphorylization. It is a cycle by which the body uses Adenine diphosphate to creat more ATP. Look up the Krebbs Cycle, I believe this has something to do with it.

Answer 4

ADP gets another high energy phosphate bond through either glycolysis (including the Krebs cycle) or through oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria. More ATP is produced in the mitochondria than through the Krebs cycle, but in the mitochondria, oxygen in necessary.

Answer 5

it may be from aminoacid