What are the forces that affect the horizontal movement of air?

Question

I can't figure out this question

Answer 1

Horizontal airflow is affected by the following:
1) Hills and mountains where the air is forced to ascend.
2)Convection currents(due to heating of the surface air)in which air is lifted up leading sometimes to formation of thunder clouds which cause updrafts(rapid ascending of air) and downdrafts(rapid descending of air).
3) Severe storms in whose centre ,the converging air is forced to go up.
4) At central region of a high pressure area in which the air flows out ,forcing the air from higher levels to descend.
5) In a small scale, obstruction by tall buildings in cities.

Answer 2

Horizontal Movement

Answer 3

Ground characteristics also effect the movement of air. In broad thinking, a mountain range will affect air movement. In a small scale, a city generates its own micro atmosphere because of the heat of the cities buildings,roads ect.

Answer 4

- Coriolis effect (The Earth's spin makes air movement appear to prevail in one direction. For example, storm systems tend to move from west to east in the northern hemisphere.)
- Pressure gradients (Air tends to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. A pressure gradient is the pressure difference between two locations, which can be used to estimate wind speed and direction in that area.)
- Mountains and other land formations which block air flow.

Answer 5

When matter (air) is heated it extends. so the warmer places have a higher pressure (b/c of the increased extending) The pressure 'wants' to be equally divided over the area, so the high-pressure air 'moves' (wind) towards the low-pressure air.