Based on the available evidence, current scientists have been able to reconstruct detailed information about the planet's past. Earth formed 4.567 billion years ago[1] out of the solar nebula, along with the Sun and the other planets. Initially molten, the outer layer of the planet cooled when water began accumulating in the atmosphere when the planet was about half its current radius, resulting in the solid crust. The moon formed soon afterwards, possibly as the result of a Mars-sized object, known as Theia, impacting the Earth in a glancing blow.[2]
Outgassing and volcanic activity produced the primordial atmosphere; condensing water vapor, augmented by ice delivered by comets, produced the oceans.[3] The highly energetic chemistry is believed to have produced a self-replicating molecule around 4 billion years ago, and half a billion years later, the last common ancestor of all life existed.[4]
The development of photosynthesis allowed the sun's energy to be harvested directly by life forms; the resultant oxygen accumulated in the atmosphere and gave rise to the ozone layer. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes.[5] Cells within colonies became increasingly specialized, resulting in true multicellular organisms. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer, life colonized the surface of Earth.[6]
Over hundreds of millions of years, continents formed and broke up as the surface of Earth continually reshaped itself. The continents have migrated across the surface of the Earth, occasionally combining to form a supercontinent. Roughly 750 million years ago (mya), the earliest known supercontinent Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia, 600–540 mya, then finally Pangaea, which broke apart 180 mya.[7]
Since the 1960s, it has been hypothesized that severe glacial action between 750 and 580 mya, during the Neoproterozoic, covered much of the planet in a sheet of ice. This hypothesis has been termed "Snowball Earth", and is of particular interest because it preceded the Cambrian explosion, when multicellular lifeforms began to proliferate.[8]
Following the Cambrian explosion, about 535 mya, there have been five mass extinctions.[9] The last occurred 65 mya, when a meteorite collision probably triggered the extinction of the (non-avian) dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but spared small animals such as mammals, which then resembled shrews. Over the past 65 mya, mammalian life has diversified, and several mya, an African ape-like animal gained the ability to stand upright.[10] This enabled tool use and encouraged communication that provided the nutrition and stimulation needed for a larger brain. The development of agriculture, and then civilization, allowed humans to influence the Earth in a short timespan as no other life form had, affecting both the nature and quantity of other life forms.
The present pattern of ice ages began about 40 mya, then intensified during the Pleistocene about 3 mya. The polar regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating every 40–100,000 years. The last ice age ended 10,000 years ago.[11]
2007-03-05 09:31:13
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answer #1
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answered by mitch 1
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It is not known with certainty how planets are formed. The prevailing theory is that they are formed from those remnants of a nebula that do not condense under gravity to form a protostar. Instead, these remnants become a thin, protoplanetary disk of dust and gas revolving around the protostar and begin to condense about local concentrations of mass within the disc known as planetesimals. These concentrations become ever more dense until they collapse inward under gravity to form protoplanets. After a planet reaches a diameter larger than the Earth's moon, it begins to accumulate an extended atmosphere. This serves to increase the capture rate of the planetesimals by a factor of ten.
2007-03-05 17:33:22
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answer #2
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answered by Anonymous
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The dust rocks around the early Sun got stuck together by its own gravity. Then more dust and rocks fell on it. After a few million years, the pile was as big as the Earth.
Same for the Moon, but it formed in a difference place. Then one day it crashed into the Earth, a smashed into pieces. The rocks from the crash went into orbit around the Earth, then stuck to each other by gravity.
2007-03-05 17:31:15
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answer #3
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answered by morningfoxnorth 6
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our planet formed because of the forces of nature: a spherical ball of gas/dust will start rotating, and eventually smush into a solid object (and sometimes leaves rings around the planet, like saturn), and there's our earth.
they say the moon was created when an asteroid smacked our planet and coughed it up.
least that's how i remember it.
2007-03-05 18:44:16
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answer #4
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answered by fixedinseattle 4
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there is 9 planets in our salorsystem in somu satillties are to are planets in the earth there is one stillites moon oops this world was living in earth and some are search some pople are in some planets
2007-03-06 08:20:09
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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The thing i have heard most about this follows: meteorites where going around in space, and then one hit another and got stuck, then one hit the two. Then, like a snowball, it just piled up, collecting junk like meteorites and whatever else was floating around. Then, a giant meteorite hit earth, knocking of a giant chunk we now know as the moon.
2007-03-05 17:40:33
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answer #6
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answered by czechoslovakian67 3
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WHAT DO U MEAN COME TO BE???? god created the earth and the other 10 planets and everyone has its own moon and sun
2007-03-05 17:30:09
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answer #7
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answered by goku 2
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well the main theory is that the moon was a piece of our earth. a big meotor hit the earth and made 2 seperate parts
2007-03-05 17:28:01
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answer #8
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answered by Pistonsfan101 5
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