what began the Renaissance?

Answer 1

There is no historical date. It was, in the simplest terms, an intellectual and classical rebirth following the dark ages.

Remember that Gutenburg invented the printing press (moveable type) in 1441. That allowed books of all kinds to be printed and read. As well the church and rich patrons (the Medici's) began a quest for numerous paintings and art work, especially in Florence.

Historians are quick to point out that the early Renaissance (in the 15th century) really did not affect the working and poor class but rather the upper class so that it was not until later when the Industrial Revolution began did the "rebirth" or "awakening to a bettter life) occur.

Answer 2

After the Crusades many knights came home with a new intrest in the world they had seen.