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2007-03-03 22:59:37 · 20 answers · asked by Anonymous in Education & Reference Homework Help

20 answers

ramanujham - india

2007-03-03 23:17:37 · answer #1 · answered by vijaya k 1 · 0 0

The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar developed in south-central Mexico required the use of zero as a place-holder within its vigesimal (base-20) positional numeral system. A shell glyph was used as a zero symbol for these Long Count dates, the earliest of which (on Stela 2 at Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas) has a date of 36 BC. Since the eight earliest Long Count dates appear outside the Maya homeland,[6] it is assumed that the use of zero in the Americas predated the Maya and was possibly the invention of the Olmecs. Indeed, many of the earliest Long Count dates were found within the Olmec heartland, although the fact that the Olmec civilization had come to an end by the 4th century BC, several centuries before the earliest known Long Count dates, argues against the zero being an Olmec discovery.

Although zero became an integral part of Maya numerals, it of course did not influence Old World numeral systems.

By 130, Ptolemy, influenced by Hipparchus and the Babylonians, was using a symbol for zero (a small circle with a long overbar) within a sexagesimal numeral system otherwise using alphabetic Greek numerals. Because it was used alone, not just as a placeholder, this Hellenistic zero was perhaps the first documented use of a number zero in the Old World. However, the positions were usually limited to the fractional part of a number (called minutes, seconds, thirds, fourths, etc.)—they were not used for the integral part of a number. In later Byzantine manuscripts of his Syntaxis Mathematica (Almagest), the Hellenistic zero had morphed into the Greek letter omicron (otherwise meaning 70).

Another zero was used in tables alongside Roman numerals by 525 (first known use by Dionysius Exiguus), but as a word, nulla meaning nothing, not as a symbol. When division produced zero as a remainder, nihil, also meaning nothing, was used. These medieval zeros were used by all future medieval computists (calculators of Easter). An isolated use of their initial, N, was used in a table of Roman numerals by Bede or a colleague about 725, a zero symbol.

In 498 AD, Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata stated that "Sthanam sthanam dasa gunam" or place to place in ten times in value, which may be the origin of the modern decimal based place value notation.

The oldest known text to use zero is the Jain text from India entitled the Lokavibhaaga, dated 458 AD.

The first indubitable appearance of a symbol for zero appears in 876 in India on a stone tablet in Gwalior. Documents on copper plates, with the same small o in them, dated back as far as the sixth century AD, abound.

2007-03-04 08:49:13 · answer #2 · answered by You-Know-Who 2 · 0 0

By the mid 2nd millennium BC, the Babylonians had a sophisticated sexagesimal positional numeral system. The lack of a positional value (or zero) was indicated by a space between sexagesimal numerals. By 300 BC a punctuation symbol (two slanted wedges) was co-opted as a placeholder in the same Babylonian system. In a tablet unearthed at Kish (dating from perhaps as far back as 700 BC), the scribe Bêl-bân-aplu wrote his zeroes with three hooks, rather than two slanted wedges.[2]

The Babylonian placeholder was not a true zero because it was not used alone. Nor was it used at the end of a number. Thus numbers like 2 and 120 (2×60), 3 and 180 (3×60), 4 and 240 (4×60), etc. looked the same because the larger numbers lacked a final sexagesimal placeholder. Only context could differentiate them.

Records show[citation needed] that the ancient Greeks seemed unsure about the status of zero as a number: they asked themselves "How can nothing be something?",[citation needed] leading to interesting philosophical and, by the Medieval period, religious arguments about the nature and existence of zero and the vacuum. The paradoxes of Zeno of Elea depend in large part on the uncertain interpretation of zero. (The ancient Greeks even questioned whether 1 was a number.[citation needed])

Early use of something like zero by the Indian scholar Pingala (circa 5th-2nd century BC), implied at first glance by his use of binary numbers, is only the modern binary representation using 0 and 1 applied to Pingala's binary system, which used short and long syllables (the latter equal in length to two short syllables), making it similar to Morse code.[3][4] Nevertheless, he and other Indian scholars at the time used the Sanskrit word śūnya (the origin of the word zero after a series of transliterations and a literal translation) to refer to zero or void.[

2007-03-04 11:33:30 · answer #3 · answered by amirutha 1 · 0 0

Do you know that the zero was discovered in India?


The zero is being used all over this World. Zero is used in almost all areas wherein people deal including sports. But people say zero has no value also. But people give value also viz., he is a millionaire, he is a crorepathi, etc.
Even in cricket game when a batsman scores 100 he gets recognition.

2007-03-04 07:29:14 · answer #4 · answered by PolytechnicStudent :] 3 · 0 0

The oldest known text to use zero is the Jain text from India entitled the Lokavibhaaga, dated 458 AD. [8]

2007-03-04 07:42:16 · answer #5 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

First Aryabhatta, an Indian invented the Decimal system and Zero system.......the Arabs spread this system all around the western world.

2007-03-04 10:11:18 · answer #6 · answered by Discoverer 4 · 0 0

Aaryabhatta

2007-03-04 07:05:18 · answer #7 · answered by Ansh K 2 · 1 0

India!

2007-03-04 07:04:08 · answer #8 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Aaryabhatta who gave 0 and decimal number system. GR8 GUY THNX 2 HIM .

2007-03-05 01:04:20 · answer #9 · answered by BHAUMIK 1 · 0 0

It was Aaryabhatta who gave 0 and decimal number system.

2007-03-04 09:53:33 · answer #10 · answered by manarshh_jot 2 · 0 0

aryabhatt has discovered zero (he belongs from india)

2007-03-05 03:50:50 · answer #11 · answered by RAJU 1 · 0 0

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