in every question, let A= integral (question)
1. let lnx=t ; or,x = e^t ; so dx=(e^t)dt;
so, ietegral becomes :- ∫ cos(t).(e^t)dt = A (say)
now using integration by parts,
A = cos(t).∫ (e^t)dt - ∫[{d(cos(t))/dt}.∫(e^t)dt]dt
= (e^t).cos(t) + (e^t).sin(t) - A
or, 2A = (e^t).cos(t) + (e^t).sin(t)
or, A = [(e^t).cos(t) + (e^t).sin(t)]/2 +c
2. write x^7 as x(x^6) ; or, ((x^2)^3)x
now, put (x^2) = t ; on diff. it we get (2x)dx = dt; or (x.dx) = (dt)/2
now, A = (0.5)∫t^3*e^t(dt) ; which can be solved using integration by parts three times which you can do
3. or, A = ∫(sec^2 x)dx + ∫ (e^sinx)cosx dx
= tanx + B ; where B = ∫ (e^sinx)cosx dx
for B, let sin x = t , (cos x)dx = dt
or, B = ∫ (e^t)dt = e^t + c = e^sin x + c
so, A = tan x + e^sin x + k ; where k = constant
4. here , ( 9x^2 + 18x + 10) can be written as, [ 1 +9(x+1)^2]
now, let [ 1 +9(x+1)^2] = t ;
so, 18(x+1) dx = dt ( on differentiating)
or, (x+1)dx = (dt)/18
so, A = ∫ t^(-3/2) (dt)/18
= [{t^(-1/2)}/(-1/2)]/18 + c
= -[t^(-1/2)]/36 + c , where t = ( 9x^2 + 18x + 10)
5. sin^2xcos^2x = [(2sinxcosx)/2]^2 = [sin^2 (2x)]/4
= [1- cos 4x]/8
so, A = ∫ [1- cos 4x]/8 dx = [ x - (sin 4x)/4]/8 + c
6. cot^4 t = (cot^2 t)(cosec^2 t - 1) = (cot^2 t)(cosec^2 t) -cot^2 t
= (cot^2 t)(cosec^2 t) - (cosec^2 t - 1)
now, A = ∫ [(cot^2 t)(cosec^2 t) - (cosec^2 t - 1)]dt/3 ,
by assuming 3x = t, so dx = dt/3
let B = ∫ (cot^2 t)(cosec^2 t)dt , & D = ∫ (cosec^2 t - 1)]dt
so, A = (B- D)/3
for B, let cot t = u , so (cosec^2 t) dt = - du
B = - ∫ (u^2)du = -(u^3)/3 + c = -(cot^3 t)/3 + c
D = ∫ (cosec^2 t - 1)]dt = -(cot t)- t + m
so, A = -(cot^3 t)/3 +(cot t)+ t + k , where t = 3x
7.tan^-3x sec^4x=[(cos^3 x)/(sin^3 x)]sec^4 x = 1/[(cos x)(sin^3 x)
= 1/[(cot x)(sin^4 x)] = (tan x)(cosec^2 x)(cosec^2 x)
= (1/cot x)(1 + cot^2 x)(cosec^2 x)
now, A = ∫ (1/cot x)(1 + cot^2 x)(cosec^2 x)dx
let cot x = t , so (cosec^2 x)dx = - dt
so, A = -∫(1/t)(1+t^2)dt = -∫(t+1/t)dt = -t^2 - ln t + k; where t=cotx
8. let x=t+4, so, dx = dt
A = ∫ (t+4)t^1/3 dt = ∫(t^4/3 +4t^1/3)dt =(t^7/3)/(7/3) + 4(t^4/3)/(4/3)
= (3/7)(t^7/3) + 3(t^4/3) + k
9. (x^2+2x+26) = (x+1)^2 + 5^2
A = ∫ dx/[(x+1)^2 + 5^2 ] = arc(sinh) [(x+1)/5]
where , sinh is hyperbolic sine function
& arc(sinh) means inverse hyperbolic sine function.
10. question is not given
11. 3x^2-8x+13 = 2(x-1)^2+(x+3)(x-1)-6(x+3)+32
so, A = ∫ [2/(x+3) +1/(x-1) - 6/(x-1)^2]dx + 32(B)
= 2ln(x+3) + ln(x-1) + 6/(x-1) +32(B)
where B = ∫ dx/(x+3)(x-1)^2
now, 1 = [(x+3) -(x-1)]/4
so, B = (1/4)*∫ [1/(x-1)^2 - 1/(x+3)(x-1)]dx
or, 4B = ∫ [1/(x-1)^2 - (1/4)[(x+3)-(x-1)]/(x+3)(x-1)]dx
or, 4B = ∫1/(x-1)^2 dx - (1/4)[ ∫ 1/(x-1) dx - ∫ 1/(x+3) dx]
32B= 8[-1/(x-1) - (1/4){ ln(x-1) - ln(x+3)} ]
= -8/(x-1) - 2ln(x-1) + 2ln(x+3)
so, A = 2ln(x+3) + ln(x-1) + 6/(x-1) -8/(x-1) - 2ln(x-1) + 2ln(x+3)
A = 4ln(x+3) - ln(x-1) - 2/(x-1) + k
12. similar to 11.
13. similar to 11.
14. put x = t^6, so dx = 6t^5 dt; and solving we will get
A = ∫ [6(t^3)/(1+t)] dt
now again put t= u-1, dt = du
A = 6*∫ [{(u-1)^3}/u] du
= 6*∫ (u^2 - 3u + 3 -1/u) du
= 6[(1/3)u^3 - (3/2)u^2 + 3u - ln(u)]
= 6[(1/3)(1+t)^3 - (3/2)(1+t)^2 + 3(1+t) - ln(1+t)] + k
where t= x^(1/6)
15. A = ∫[(1-x)/(1+x)^7/3] dx
now let (1+x) = t; or, x=(t-1)
so, dx = dt
A = ∫ [(2-t)/t^7/3] dt = ∫ ( 2/t^7/3 - 1/t^4/3 )dt
= 2{t^(-4/3)}/(-4/3) - {t^(-1/3)}/(-1/3) + k
= (-3/2)t^(-4/3) + 3t^(-1/3) + k ; where t = (1+x)
2007-03-03 22:16:22
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answer #1
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answered by 1dost 3
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2016-12-18 14:54:58
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answer #2
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answered by aaron 4
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