How do the properties of long-lived stars compare to those of short-lived stars?

Question

1. Long-lived stars begin their lives with more mass and a larger amount of hydrogen fuel.
2. Long-lived stars begin their lives with less mass and a smaller amount of hydrogen fuel.
3. Long-lived stars are more luminous during their main-sequence lives.
4. Long-lived stars are less luminous during their main-sequence lives.
This questions been a bugger, which numbers seem right you can pick more than one... Im thinking definately 1 and either 3 or 4

Answer 1

If you look on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, you'll see that mass directly relates to luminosity. The larger a star the more luminous. Giants and Supergiants have the greatest masses and hence the greater luminosities. So 1 and 3 would go together.

Answer 2

2 and 4 are correct.

First consider mass: The stars with the greatest mass "burn" (i.e. fuse hydrogen) much brighter, much hotter. They get to the fusion limit (iron core) much faster than small mass stars. Small mass stars can "live" hundreds of millions of years; large mass stars mere millions. (Answer 2)

Now, think of luminosity: the long-lived stars are the less massive ones. They put out less energy per second, and are smaller so they have a much smaller radiating surface. Thus they are very much less luminous than the large mass stars. (Answer 4.)

Answer 3

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