Chemistry For Morons! This moron needs help!?

Question

Ok, I don't really consider myself a moron, but Chemistry may turn me into one............. :-)
I understand what a shell is but can someone explain subshells, and orbitals without using analogies like rooms? I want to learn the correct terminology. For instance, is s, p, d, and f, the subshells or are they orbitals? A link to a website would be fine too. I can't find anything. Thanks.
I'll give 10 points to the first person who can help me understand it.

Answer 1

s,p,d and f are subshells. They contain orbitals.

s has one orbital which can contain 2 electrons.
p has 3 orbitals so 6 electrons total (2 electrons per orbital).
d has 5, so it can hold 10 electrons.
f has 7, so it can hold 14 electrons.
g has 9, so it can hold 18 electrons.

Answer 2

Hi. The shells are the first number, usually labelled "n". For each shell there is at least one subshell. In fact, for each shell of number "n" there are that many subshells. For example:

1: s
2: s, p
3. s,p,d
4. s,p,d,f
5. s,p,d,f,g

So these letters mean subshells. But each subshell has a number of orbitals.
s has 1 orbital, and a maximum of two electrons
p has 3 orbitals, and a maximum of 6 electrons
d has 5 orbitals, and a maximum of 10 electrons
f has 7 orbitals, and a maximum of 14 electrons
g has 9 orbitals, and a maximum of 18 electrons.

So, in order, shell-->subshell--->orbital--->
the final level is "spin", and for each orbital there can be two opposite spins, a positive and a negative.

If you look at the periodic table, the first row is the n=1, row 2 is n=2, etc. As you move across a row, you start filling in the orbitals of each subshell, starting with s (which has a max of 2). You always add to an orbital first before moving on to another orbital. When you add to a subshell like "p" you have three orbitals. You fill each of the three orbitals in order first (so that no one orbital has two electrons until all three orbitals are filled). For elements higher up, the ordering is a bit more tricky.

Answer 3

s, p, d, and f are orbitals. Each one has one or more subshells, depending on how many electrons the atom has.

To reiterate: orbitals have subshells. Subshells do not have orbitals.

Anyway, here's a decent article on wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spdf

Answer 4

A subshell contains a number of orbitals and each orbital can hold two electrons in opposite spin, so that one electron is travelling in one direction, whilst the other travel in the opposite direction.

S-orbitals are spherical is shape and holds two electrons

P- orbitals are dumb -bell in shape and can hold six electrons (3 dumb bells, one in each plane of x, y and z axis)

d - orbital shape are difficult to describe but they can hold 10 electrons

f - orbital shape are even more difficult to describe but they can hold 14 electrons.

The orbital names (s, p, d, f _are derived from the quality of their spectroscopic lines: sharp, principal, diffuse and fundamental.

Hope that helps

Answer 5

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Answer 6

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