What is ATP, ADP, NADP+, NADPH, and how do they come about? where do these reside?

Question

Can there be a way to explain this easily. I am in ninth grade and our teacher wants us to do a presentation explaining what glycolysis is...in order to understand this I feel I need to understand what ATP, ADP, NADP+, NADPH, is and how they come about? then I need to understand how does glycolysis happens. How does it come about, how does ATP, ADP, NADP+, NADPH, come about to the process of glycolysis. I don't know nothing about this! please help!!!

Answer 1

You're really pushing yourself for a 9th grader - good for you.

ATP, ADP, and even AMP are all used by cells to power cellular processes. For example, cells have more potassium ions (K+, K is the chemical symbol for potassium, and it's positively charged when it's an ion) in them than they should if the K+ were simply allowed to move from inside to outside the cell under its own free will. What happens is the cell pumps potassium into itself using what's called (surprise, surprise) a potassium pump. But this pump needs energy, so the cell "burns" ATP to power the pump. When ATP is used, the cell strips off one of the phosphate groups (one phosphorus atom bound to three oxygen atoms) in what's called a "reduction reaction." The ATP becomes ADP, because it only has two phosphate groups instead of three. This releases energy, and the pump is powered, forcing potassium to flow into the cell.

ADP can be stripped down to AMP by other reactions, and even AMP can be used for energy in a pinch.

Glycolysis is the mechanism by which cells (animal cells use mitochondria, little bean-shaped organelles, and plant cells use chloroplasts) convert A to AMP, then to ADP, then to ATP, using glucose, a sugar, as the power source.

Learn a little more about them below:
ATP: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate
ADP: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate
NADPH/NADP+: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NADPH
Glycolysis: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

Answer 2

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Answer 3

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RE:
What is ATP, ADP, NADP+, NADPH, and how do they come about? where do these reside?
Can there be a way to explain this easily. I am in ninth grade and our teacher wants us to do a presentation explaining what glycolysis is...in order to understand this I feel I need to understand what ATP, ADP, NADP+, NADPH, is and how they come about? then I need to understand how does glycolysis...

Answer 4

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
form of stored energy in organisms that is composed of a nucleotide with ribose sugar and three phosphates ATP can be produced by redox reactions using simple and complex sugars (carbohydrates) or lipids as an energy source. For ATP to be synthesized from complex fuels, they first need to be broken down into their basic components. Carbohydrates are hydrolysed into simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose. Fats (triglycerides) are metabolised to give fatty acids and glycerol.

technique for computer processing that requires little human participation
ADP+pi+e=atp
NADP+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) are two important cofactors found in cells.
NAD is used extensively in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. The reducing potential stored in NADH can be converted to ATP through the electron transport chain or used for anabolic metabolism. ATP "energy" is necessary for an organism to live.
P.S you can see more on wikiedia or I can send you the complete equations with photoes if you wanna to .