Top speed of matter (in relation to C)?

Question

If matter cannot travel equal to or greater than C (the speed of light, remember the speed of light is the same relative to any observer) then how can a particle accellerator aim two beams of sub-atomic particles travelling close to the speed of light at each other.

If Beam A and Beam B are traveling at 80% C then
Relative to beam A, Beam B will be travelling 160% C.

so how is this possible...

Answer 1

The Lorentz Transformation. As the particles approach the speed of light, they undergo spacetime dilation, so they are shortened in the direction of travel. Look up Lorenz Transformation on Wikipedia it will explain it.

Answer 2

It is not. the beam is traveling at C as max no matter where your observation is taking place. There is a difference between matter and the conversion which is E=MCSq. The difference is the release of or the gain of information. Most refer to as Entropy however I would rather call it Delta G Free Energy. This includes Entropy and Enthalpy as both contributing to information instead of just the popular concept of just Entropy a measue of disorder.
Also a measure to do work. Review Laws of thermodynamics. Understand heat capacity and how is T defined. You will find that Quantum Mechanics can be used in addition to Relativity to define observations. Inorder to view this in between world which does exist one needs to use your imagination and organize your mind to think in this new found realm

Answer 3

Do a Google search on "Lorentz Transformations". You should find an equation for the way relativistic (near lightspeed) velocities add. You will see that the relative velocity of two objects, each moving near light speed, is still less than the speed of light.

Answer 4

well, when you approach the speed of light, you can't just add velocities. There is a correction factor that you have to multiply (or divide by) that will compensate for time dilation and space contraction. This correction factor is called 'gamma'. In the case of relativistic speeds, you get close to, but never reach C because of this factor increases. In the non-relativistic case, ie everyday occurrences, the 'gamma' factor is so close to 1 that you would need extremely precise instrumentation to tell that it isn't 1.

Answer 5

It seems weird to you, because you think that speeds add.

But in the real world, they don't. Instead you need to use the Einstein velocity addition relationships.

Relative velocity = ( 0.80 + 0.80 ) / (1 + 0.80*0.80) = 1.60 / 1.64
...= 0.9756

So, relative to beam A, Beam B will be traveling at 97.56% C.

If the speeds are very much less than C, for example 0.01% C, then:

Relative velocity = (0.0001 + 0.0001) / (1+0.0001*0.0001)
... = 0.000199999998
which is very close to the 0.0002 that you get if you just add the speeds.

Answer 6

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Answer 7

under certain conditions c or faster can be achieved