how can you align a telescope on polaris if the star is not visible from your location?

Answer 1

For visual use, alignment can be loosely approximate. Set the mount's altitude adjustment to your latitude, and point it roughly north. You can figure north using a compass and compensating for your magnetic declination. In towns, you can often align by the street grid. Or, you might figure where north is from the stars you can see.

Of course, this assumes you're in the northern hemisphere. South of the equator you have to align to the south celestial pole, and reverse the direction of your drive, if you have one.

For astrophotography, you will need to further refine your alignment. Google "drift alignment" for the technique.

Answer 2

You ask at a good time because on March 20th the sun will set exactly west. You will get a better exact 270 degrees seeing the sun set on this day then you ever will with a compass. So you can just wait a few days. And mark the exact location of the sun and use that in setting up your scope.
B

Answer 3

it Should be visible if you're in the northern hemisphere.
Try going up to the top of a hill. you need a better view of the horizon.