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2007-02-27 10:31:48 · 7 answers · asked by bob 2 in Politics & Government Other - Politics & Government

7 answers

Brief Biography of Thomas Jefferson
(1743-1826)

Thomas Jefferson -- author of the Declaration of Independence and the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia -- voiced the aspirations of a new America as no other individual of his era. As public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades.

His father Peter Jefferson was a successful planter and surveyor and his mother Jane Randolph a member of one of Virginia's most distinguished families. Having inherited a considerable landed estate from his father, Jefferson began building Monticello when he was twenty-six years old. Three years later, he married Martha Wayles Skelton, with whom he lived happily for ten years until her death. Their marriage produced six children, but only two survived to adulthood. Jefferson, who never remarried, maintained Monticello as his home throughout his life, always expanding and changing the house.

Jefferson inherited slaves from both his father and father-in-law. In a typical year, he owned about 200, almost half of them under the age of sixteen. About eighty of these lived at Monticello; the others lived on adjacent Albemarle County plantations, and on his Poplar Forest estate in Bedford County, Virginia. Jefferson freed two slaves in his lifetime and five in his will and chose not to pursue two others who ran away. All were members of the Hemings family; the seven he eventually freed were skilled tradesmen.

Having attended the College of William and Mary, Jefferson practiced law and served in local government as a magistrate, county lieutenant, and member of the House of Burgesses in his early professional life. As a member of the Continental Congress, he was chosen in 1776 to draft the Declaration of Independence, which has been regarded ever since as a charter of American and universal liberties. The document proclaims that all men are equal in rights, regardless of birth, wealth, or status, and that the government is the servant, not the master, of the people.

After Jefferson left Congress in 1776, he returned to Virginia and served in the legislature. Elected governor from 1779 to 1781, he suffered an inquiry into his conduct during his last year in office that, although finally fully repudiated, left him with a life-long pricklishness in the face of criticism.

During the brief private interval in his life following his governorship, Jefferson wrote Notes on the State of Virginia. In 1784, he entered public service again, in France, first as trade commissioner and then as Benjamin Franklin's successor as minister. During this period, he avidly studied European culture, sending home to Monticello, books, seeds and plants, statues and architectural drawings, scientific instruments, and information.

In 1790 he accepted the post of secretary of state under his friend George Washington. His tenure was marked by his opposition to the pro-British policies of Alexander Hamilton. In 1796, as the presidential candidate of the Democratic Republicans, he became vice-president after losing to John Adams by three electoral votes.

Four years later, he defeated Adams and became president, the first peaceful transfer of authority from one party to another in the history of the young nation. Perhaps the most notable achievements of his first term were the purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1803 and his support of the Lewis and Clark expedition. His second term, a time when he encountered more difficulties on both the domestic and foreign fronts, is most remembered for his efforts to maintain neutrality in the midst of the conflict between Britain and France; his efforts did not avert war with Britain in 1812.

Jefferson was succeeded as president in 1809 by his friend James Madison, and during the last seventeen years of his life, he remained at Monticello. During this period, he sold his collection of books to the government to form the nucleus of the Library of Congress. Jefferson embarked on his last great public service at the age of seventy-six, with the founding of the University of Virginia. He spearheaded the legislative campaign for its charter, secured its location, designed its buildings, planned its curriculum, and served as the first rector.

Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, just hours before his close friend John Adams, on the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. He was eighty-three years old, the holder of large debts, but according to all evidence a very optimistic man.

OR

Thomas Jefferson Biography (1743–1826)

US statesman and third president (1801–9), born in Albermarle Co, Virginia, USA. His father was a surveyor-landowner and his mother was a member of the distinguished Randolph family of Virginia. Thomas graduated from the College of William and Mary (1762) and read law under George Wythe. After several years of law practice, he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses (1769–75) and sided with the revolutionary faction, writing an influential tract, A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774). In 1770 he began designing and building Monticello, which would occupy him on and off for some 35 years. Here in 1772 he brought his new wife, Martha Wyles Skelton (d.1782), and they had six children, only two of whom survived into maturity.
He was among those who called the First Continental Congress (1774), and as a delegate to the Second Congress (1775–7), he was mainly responsible for drafting the Declaration of Independence (adopted 4 Jul 1776) which embodied some of his ideas on the natural rights of certain people. He then returned to Virginia where, as a member of its legislature (1776–9), he took the lead in creating a state constitution and then served as governor (1779–81), during which time he proposed that Virginia abolish the slave trade and assure religious freedom, though he did not achieve this. He was not very successful in organizing Virginian resistance to the British military operations there, and would come under criticism for his lack of leadership. Returning to the Continental Congress in 1783, he drafted the policy organizing the Northwest Territory and secured the adoption of the decimal system of coinage. He was sent to France (1784) with Benjamin Franklin and Samuel Adams to negotiate commercial treaties, and the next year succeeded Franklin as ambassador there.

In 1789 George Washington appointed Jefferson secretary of state. In that position he became head of the liberal democratic–Republican faction (as it was then called) and worked against the more conservative Federalist policies of Hamilton, Madison, and Washington. He resigned as secretary of state at the end of 1793 to devote himself to his estate at Monticello. (He retained c.150 slaves there, selling or ‘giving’ them to others, treating them as property; he could accept this along with his high ideals because he regarded Africans as inferior beings.) In 1796 he was elected vice-president under Federalist John Adams. After four troubled years in that position (1797–1801), he beat Adams and narrowly beat Aaron Burr for the presidency, thanks in large part to the fact that his arch rival, Hamilton, supported him when the Electoral College vote was tied. Among the events of his triumphant first term (1801–5) were the successful war against Barbary pirates, the Louisiana Purchase (which more than doubled the size of the USA), and the Lewis and Clark Expedition. His second term (1805–9) was marred by vice-president Burr's trial for treason and Jefferson's highly unpopular embargo on trade with England and France.

In 1809 he retired to his estate at Monticello, continuing his scholarly and scientific interests and helping to found the University of Virginia (1825). The campus he designed for the latter, the masterpiece of his periodic architectural endeavours, ushered in the Classical Revival in the USA. He also designed the Virginia state capitol and several fine homes. In 1813 he began what became an extended and remarkable exchange of letters with his old political adversary, John Adams; both died on 4 July 1826, the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

A complex man, happier when at intellectual pursuits than as an elected politician (he made no reference to his presidency on his tombstone), he was more admired abroad in his day than at home, where he was charged by some with everything from godlessness to fathering a child with his black servant girl. (This last charge has never been proved.) In the 20th-c he assumed the status of one of the greatest of all Americans, respected for his many achievements, from pioneering work in several disciplines to prophetic insights into such issues as freedom of the press.

2007-02-27 10:58:30 · answer #1 · answered by windy288 6 · 0 0

born 1743 died 1826
president 1801-1809
58 at inaugraton March 4,1801
quote-"every form of tyranny over the mind of man"
Republiacn Party
became vice president under Adams he was 54
Aaron Burr was his vice
Louisiana Purchase happened during his presidency
He was married in 1772 Martha Jefferson, she died in 1782
Attended College of William and Mary in West Virginia
He became a lawyer
Was governor of Virginia, secretary of state

Hope this helps:)

2007-02-27 18:49:44 · answer #2 · answered by Courtney V 1 · 1 0

All you need to know about Thom Jefferson is this - if he was unlucky enough to be alive today to witness what the GOP under Bush & Cheney have done to the country he helped create, he'd surely jump into the Potomac and drown himself.

2007-02-27 19:34:02 · answer #3 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.-4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801-09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. Major events during his presidency include the Louisiana Purchase (1803), the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804–1806) and the failed Embargo Act of 1807.

As a political philosopher, Jefferson idealized the independent yeoman farmer as exemplar of the republican virtue, distrusted cities and financiers, and favored states' rights and a strictly limited federal government. He supported the separation of church and state and was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1779, 1786). He was the eponym of Jeffersonian democracy and the founder and leader of the Jeffersonian Republican party (eventually to become known as the Democratic-Republican Party), which dominated American politics for a quarter-century. Jefferson served as the wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781), first United States Secretary of State (1789–1793) and second Vice President (1797–1801).

A polymath, Jefferson achieved distinction as an horticulturist, architect, archaeologist, paleontologist, author, inventor, and the founder of the University of Virginia, among other roles. President John F. Kennedy welcomed forty-nine Nobel Prize winners to the White House in 1962, saying, "I think this is the most extraordinary collection of talent and of human knowledge that has ever been gathered together at the White House—with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone."[1]

Contents [hide]
1 Appearance and temperament
2 Early life and education
3 Political career from 1774 to 1800
3.1 Colonial legislator
3.2 The Second Continental Congress
3.3 State legislator
3.4 Governor of Virginia
3.5 Minister to France
3.6 Secretary of State
3.7 A Break from office
3.8 The 1796 election and Vice Presidency
3.9 The election of 1800
4 Presidency 1801–1809
4.1 Administration and cabinet
4.2 Supreme Court appointments
4.3 States admitted to the Union
5 Father of a university
6 Jefferson's death
7 Interests and activities
8 Political philosophy
8.1 Views on the judiciary
9 Religious views
9.1 Church and state
10 Jefferson and slavery
10.1 The Sally Hemings controversy
11 Monuments and memorials
12 See also
13 Notes
14 References
14.1 Primary sources
14.2 Biographies
14.3 Academic studies
14.3.1 Jefferson and religion
15 External links and sources



Appearance and temperament
Jefferson was six feet, two-and-one-half inches (189 cm) in height, slender, erect and sinewy. He had angular features, a very ruddy complexion, strawberry blond hair and hazel-flecked, grey eyes. He was a poor public speaker who mumbled through his most important addresses. There was grace, nevertheless, in his manners; and his frank and earnest address, his quick sympathy (though he seemed cold to strangers), and his vivacious, desultory, informing talk gave him an engaging charm. He was a man of intense convictions and an emotional temperament. In later years, he was negligent in dress and loose in bearing.

"The Sage of Monticello" also cultivated an image that earned him the other nickname, "Man of the People". He affected a popular air by greeting White House guests in homespun attire like a robe and slippers. Dolley Madison, wife of James Madison (Jefferson's secretary of state), and Jefferson's daughters relaxed White House protocol and turned formal state dinners into more casual and entertaining social events.[3][4]Although a foremost defender of a free press, Jefferson at times sparred with partisan newspapers and appealed to the people.[5]

Jefferson's writings were utilitarian and evidenced great intellect, and he had an affinity for languages. He learned Gaelic in order to translate Ossian, and sent to James Macpherson for the originals.

As President, he discontinued the practice of delivering the State of the Union Address in person, instead sending the address to Congress in writing (the practice was eventually revived by Woodrow Wilson); he gave only two public speeches during his Presidency. Jefferson had a lisp[citation needed] and preferred writing to public speaking partly because of this. He burned all of his letters between himself and his wife at her death, creating the portrait of a man who at times could be very private. Indeed, he preferred working in the privacy of his office than the public eye.[6]

2007-02-27 18:39:59 · answer #4 · answered by nra_man58 3 · 0 1

He was the third president and he hated sam adams he was for a strong-constitution he tried to kill sam adams

2007-02-27 18:36:22 · answer #5 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson

http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html

I did what you can do. Type in your browser window the words Thomas Jefferson. Amazing what will pop up

2007-02-27 18:44:06 · answer #6 · answered by Anonymous · 0 1

ok you gotta read this carefully cuz its tricky

open a new tab or browser window for inet explorer
and type in GOOGLE.COM

or try WikiPedia, it knows all

2007-02-27 18:36:30 · answer #7 · answered by femmi 2 · 1 1

fedest.com, questions and answers