who was the muslim scientist who presented the species theeory beofre darwin?

Answer 1

Actually, there were a few. Probably the first one was Al-Jahiz (776-869 CE) in his text Kitab al-Hiwanat, who proposed the idea that bottlenecks due to migration and evnironmental changes caused changes in animal life.

You could also be thinking of Ibn Maskawaih, who wrote Fauz al-Asghar around the year 1000 CE. He suggested that man evolved from animals.

However, I would also note that Charles Darwin was not the first European by any means to propose evolution or natural selection. He was merely the first to write such descriptive texts and bring extreme examples of evolution to scientists in Europe. His own father wrote of evolutionary theory before Charles was out of diapers. Charles Darwin contributed a great deal, but did not come up with the theory in the European scientific circles as some people tend to believe.