What are some advantages—for both the reviewer and writer—of peer reviews?

Answer 1

Presumably, the reviewer is the peer, a fellow professional. The fellow professional reads the work at the editor's request and criticizes it. The reviewer can suggest that the work be published with certain changes. The reviewer can suggest that the editor not publish the work at all. The editor can send the opinion of the reviewer to the author with a decision and ask if the author wants to dispute the decision. Common practice is to send the work to two reviewers. If the two peer reviewers are negative, it doesn't get in