chemical formula of caustic soda and uses.?

Answer 1

sodium hydroxide, chemical compound, NaOH, a white crystalline substance that readily absorbs carbon dioxide and moisture from the air. It is very soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin. It is a caustic and a strong base. Commonly known as caustic soda, lye, or sodium hydrate, it is available commercially in various solid forms, e.g., pellets, sticks, or chips, and in water solutions of various concentrations; both solid and liquid forms vary in purity. The major use of sodium hydroxide is as a chemical and in the manufacture of other chemicals; because it is inexpensive, it is widely used wherever a strong base is needed. It is also used in producing rayon and other textiles, in making paper, in etching aluminum, in making soaps and detergents, and in a wide variety of other uses. The principal method for its manufacture is electrolytic dissociation of sodium chloride; chlorine gas is a coproduct. Small amounts of sodium hydroxide are produced by the soda-lime process in which a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate (soda) is reacted with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime); calcium carbonate precipitates, leaving a sodium hydroxide solution.sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide

General
Systematic name Sodium hydroxide
Other names Lye, Caustic Soda
Molecular formula NaOH
Molar mass 39.9971 g/mol
Appearance White flakes
CAS number [1310-73-2]
Properties
Density and phase 2.1 g/cm³, solid
Solubility in water 111 g/100 ml (20°C)
Melting point 318°C (591 K)
Boiling point 1390°C (1663 K)
Basicity (pKb) 0.2
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
EU classification Corrosive (C)
R-phrases R35
S-phrases S1/2, S26, S37/39, S45
NFPA 704
031
Flash point Non-flammable.
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions Sodium chloride
Sodium sulfate.
Other cations Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Related bases Ammonia, lime.
Related compounds Chlorine
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base. An alkali, caustic soda is widely used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, and detergents. Worldwide production in 1998 was around 45 million tonnes. Sodium hydroxide is also the most common base used in chemical laboratories, being able to test for quite a number of cations (this is called Qualitative Inorganic Analysis), as well as to provide alkaline mediums for some reactions that need it, such as the Biuret test.


General properties
Pure sodium hydroxide is a white solid, available in pellets, flakes, granules, and also 50% saturated solution. It is deliquescent and also readily absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, so it should be stored in an airtight container. It is very soluble in water with liberation of heat. It also dissolves in ethanol and methanol, though it exhibits lower solubility in these solvents than does potassium hydroxide. It is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents. A sodium hydroxide solution will leave a yellow stain on fabric and paper.


Chemical properties
Sodium hydroxide is completely ionic, containing sodium ions and hydroxide ions. The hydroxide ion makes sodium hydroxide a strong base which reacts with acids to form water and the corresponding salts, e.g., with hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride is formed:

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
In general such neutralization reactions are represented by one simple net ionic equation:

OH−(aq) + H+(aq) → H2O
This type of reaction releases heat when a strong acid is used. Such acid-base reactions can also be used for titrations, and indeed this is a common way for measuring the concentration of acids. Related to this is the reaction of sodium hydroxide with acidic oxides. The reaction of carbon dioxide has already been mentioned, but other acidic oxides such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) also react completely. Such reactions are often used to "scrub" harmful acidic gases (like SO2 and H2S) and prevent their release into the atmosphere.

2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O

Answer 2

Caustic Soda Formula

Answer 3

Caustic Chemical

Answer 4

Formula for caustic soda

Answer 5

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chemical formula of caustic soda and uses.?

Answer 6

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its KOH Potassium Hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash with formula KOH, is a caustic compound of strong alkaline chemical dissolving readily in water, giving off much heat and forming a caustic solution. It is a white deliquescent solid in the form of pellets obtained by concentration of purified electrolytic potassium hydroxide solution with very low chloride content. It reacts violently with acid and is corrosive in moist air toward metals such as zinc, aluminium, tin and lead forming a combustible, explosive gas. It absorbs rapidly carbon dioxide and water from air. Contact with moisture or water will generate heat. Sodium hydroxide (Caustic soda) and potassium hydroxide (Caustic potash) are the two most important caustics. They are closely resembles in chemical properties and applications, e.g., in manufacturing liquid soap, in bleaching, and in manufacturing chemicals. Potassium hydroxide is the largest-volume potassium chemical for non-fertilizer use. Potassium Hydroxide is used in chemical manufacturing including potassium carbonate and other potassium chemicals, fertilizers, phosphates, agrochemicals, alkaline batteries and dyes.

Answer 7

The formula of caustic soda is NaOH.It was used for cleaning drains and as a source of sodium(obtained from molten NaOH by electrolysis),now it is replaced by common salt.

Answer 8

NaOH, sodium hydroxide, a strong base which absorbs water from the atmosphere rapidly. Used in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, and detergents.

Answer 9

caustic soda-sodium hydroxide (NOAH)

it uses are:-

i)used in manufacture of soap,paper,rayon,organic dyes
ii)in refining petrol
iii)as a lab reagent
iv)in preparation of alumina,phosphates,silicates glass
v)to clean the glass ware

Answer 10

The chemical formulla of caustic shoda ia (Sodium hydroxide) NaOH, and uses are;


General applications

Sodium hydroxide is the principal strong base used in the chemical industry. In bulk it is most often handled as an aqueous solution, since solutions are cheaper and easier to handle. It is used to drive for chemical reactions and also for the neutralization of acidic materials. It can be used also as a neutralizing agent in petroleum refining


Experiment

Sodium hydroxide has also been used in conjunction with zinc for creation of the famous "Gold pennies" experiment. When a penny is boiled in a solution of NaOH together with some granular zinc metal (galvanised nails are one source), the colour of the penny will turn silver in about 45 seconds. The penny is then held in the flame of a burner for a few seconds and it turns golden. The reason this happens is that granular zinc dissolves in NaOH to form Zn(OH)42-. This zincate ion becomes reduced to metallic zinc on the surface of a copper penny. Zinc and copper when heated in a flame form brass.

Use in chemical analysis

In analytical chemistry, sodium hydroxide solutions are often used to measure the concentration of acids by titration. Since NaOH is not a primary standard, solutions must first be standardised by titration against a standard such as KHP. Burettes exposed to NaOH should be rinsed out immediately after use to prevent "freezing" of the stopcock.


Soap making

Soap making via saponification is the most traditional chemical process using sodium hydroxide. The Arabs began producing soap in this way in the 7th century, and the same basic process is still used today.


Biodiesel

For the manufacture of biodiesel, sodium hydroxide is used as a catalyst for the transesterification of methanol and triglycerides. This only works with anhydrous sodium hydroxide, because water and lye would turn the fat into soap which would be tainted with methanol.

It is used more often than potassium hydroxide because it costs less, and a smaller quantity is needed for the same results. Another alternative is sodium silicate.


Aluminum etching

Strong bases attack aluminium. This can be useful in etching through a resist or in converting a polished surface to a satin-like finish, but without further passivation such as anodizing or allodizing the surface may become corroded, either under normal use or in severe atmospheric conditions.


Food preparation

Food uses of lye include washing or chemical peeling of fruits and vegetables, chocolate and cocoa processing, caramel color production, poultry scalding, soft drink processing, and thickening ice cream. Olives are often soaked in lye to soften them, while pretzels and German lye rolls are glazed with a lye solution before baking to make them crisp.

Specific foods processed with lye include:

The Scandinavian delicacy known as lutefisk (from lutfisk, "lye fish").
Hominy is dried maize (corn) kernels reconstituted by soaking in lye-water. These expand considerably in size and may be further processed by cooking in hot oil and salting to form corn nuts. Nixtamal is similar, but uses calcium hydroxide instead of sodium hydroxide.
Hominy is also known in some areas of the Southeastern United States, as the breakfast food grits, dried and ground into a coarse powder. They are prepared by boiling in water, with the addition of butter and other ingredient to suit the tastes of the preparer.
Sodium hydroxide is also the chemical that causes gelling of egg whites in the production of Century eggs.
German pretzels are poached in a boiling sodium hydroxide solution before baking, which contributes to their unique crust.

Delignification of Cellulosic Materials
Sodium Hydroxide, in addition to Sodium Sulfide, is a key component of the white liquor solution used to separate lignin from cellulose fibers in the Kraft process. It also plays a key role in several following stages of the process of bleaching the brown pulp resulting from the pulping process. These stages include oxygen delignification, oxidative extraction, and simple extraction, all of which require a strong alkaline environment with a pH > 10.5 at the end of the stages.


Domestic uses

Sodium hydroxide is used in the home as an agent for unblocking drains, provided as a dry crystal (e.g. "Drāno") or as a thick liquid gel. The chemical mechanism employed is the conversion of grease to a form of soap, and so forming a water soluble form to be dissolved by flushing; also decomposing complex molecules such as the protein of hair. Such drain cleaners (and their acidic versions) are highly caustic and should be handled with care.

Beginning in the early 1900s, lye has been used to relax the hair of African-Americans (and persons of African descent in other countries as well). Among men, this treatment was often called a process. However, because of the high incidence and intensity of chemical burns, chemical relaxer manufacturers began switching to other alkaline chemicals (most commonly guanidine hydroxide) during the latter quarter of the 20th Century, although lye relaxers are still available, usually under use by professionals.


Tissue Digestion
This is a process that was used with farm animals at one time. This process involves the placing of a carcass into a sealed chamber, which then puts the carcass in a mixture of lye and water, which breaks chemical bonds keeping the body intact. This eventually turns the body into a coffee-like liquid, and the only solid remains are bone hulls, which could be crushed between one's fingertips. It is also of note that sodium hydroxide is frequently used in the process of decomposing roadkill dumped in landfills by animal disposal contractors[citation needed].

In this framework, sodium hydroxide has also been used by criminals and serial killers to dispose of their victim's bodies.


Illegal drugs

Because it is a key ingredient in the process of making Methamphetamine, it is now impossible to purchase pure Sodium hydroxide as a consumer product in much of the United States. Products containing pure Sodium hydroxide, such as Red Devil, are no longer available for sale. As a result, many amateur soapmakers must now purchase Sodium hydroxide in bulk.