Name four kinds of specialized cells found in sponges.?

Answer 1

'lo

1. Choanocytes or collar cells: are the ones in charge of the water movement, located in the inner body wall. They have a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvili. The flagellum beats to create active pumping and therefore controls the direction of the water flow. Also, the collar of microvili is the primary area of nutrient absorption and the choanoflagellates eventually develop into gametes.

2. Pinacocytes: these are the so called 'skin cells' that line the exterior of the sponge body wall.

3. Archaeocytes: these cells are totipotent, which means that they can change into all of the other types of sponge cells. They ingest and digest food caught by the choanocyte collars and transport nutrients to the other cells of the sponge. In some sponges, archaeocytes develop into gametes.

4. Sclerocytes: in charge of the secretion of spicules. Other cells, called spongocytes, secrete the spongin skeletat fibers when those are present.

5. Myocytes and Porocytes: I group these 2 together cause they carry out basically the same function. Since sponges don't have any muscle cells, their movement is rather limited. Myocytes and porocytes which surround canal openings and pores can contract to regulate flow through the sponge.

Answer 2

* Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells"), flagellated cells that function as the sponge's digestive system, are remarkably similar to the protistan choanoflagellates. The collars are composed of microvilli and are used to filter particles out of the water. The beating of the choanocytes’ flagella creates the sponge’s water current.
* Porocytes are tubular cells that make up the pores into the sponge body through the mesohyl.
* Pinacocytes which form the pinacoderm, the outer epidermal layer of cells. This is the closest approach to true tissue in sponges
* Myocytes are modified pinacocytes which control the size of the osculum and pore openings and thus the water flow.
* Archaeocytes (or amoebocytes) have many functions; they are totipotent cells which can transform into sclerocytes, spongocytes, or collencytes. They also have a role in nutrient transport and sexual reproduction.
* Sclerocytes secrete calcareous or siliceous spicules which reside in the mesohyl.
* Spongocytes secrete spongin, collagen-like fibers which make up the mesohyl.
* Collencytes secrete collagen.
* Spicules are stiffened rods or spikes made of calcium carbonate or silica which are used for structure and defense.
* Cells are arranged in a gelatinous non-cellular matrix called mesohyl.

Answer 3

Several types of cells are found in a sponge.
a. Outer layer of the wall contains flattened epidermal cells; some have contractile fibers.
b. Middle layer is a semifluid matrix with wandering amoeboid cells and spicules.
c. Inner layer is composed of collar cells (choanocytes).
d. There are no nerve cells or means of coordination between cells.
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Answer 4

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1. Mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, usually several or many per cell. They burn sugar for fuel in the process of cellular respiration: they’re the “engine” of the cell. Mitochondria consist of a smooth outer membrane and a convoluted inner membrane separated by an intermembrane space. The convolutions of the inner membrane are called cristae and the space inside the inner membrane is the mitochondrial matrix. As sugar is burned for fuel, a mitochondrion shunts various chemicals back and forth across the inner membrane (matrix to/from intermembrane space). 2.Plant cells normally contain another type of organelle that is not found in animals: chloroplasts. Chloroplasts convert light energy (from the sun) to chemical energy via the process of photosynthesis. The main pigment (green color) located in chloroplasts and involved in photosynthesis is chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are surrounded by an outer membrane and inner membrane separated by an intermembrane space. The fluid within the center of the chloroplast is called stroma. Within this fluid is an interconnected system of stacks of disks, kind of like more water-balloon-pancakes. Each sack is called a thylakoid. and has chlorophyll and other useful pigments built into its membranes. A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. 3. a true nucleus surrounded by a nuclear envelope which consists of two bilayer membranes. The nucleus of eukaryotic cells contains the genetic material which chemically directs all of the cell’s activities. Usually this is in the form of long strands of chromatin made of DNA and affiliated proteins. When a cell is getting ready to divide, the chromatin coils and condenses into individual, distinguishable chromosomes. Because the nuclear envelope consists of two bilayer membranes, there is a space between these two membranes called a lumen. 4. Vacuoles and vesicles are similar in that both are storage organelles. Generally, vacuoles are larger than vesicles. Plant cells generally have one large central vacuole that takes up most of the space within the cell and is used for storage of all sorts of molecules. Paramecium have a special type called a contractile vacuole that serves to excrete water from the cell, sort of like our kidneys excrete water from our bodies. Vesicles are small enough and mobile enough that they are often used to move chemicals to other locations in the cell where they might be needed.

Answer 5

All three are found on both plant and animal cells. mitchondria converts chemical energy in food and trun them in to compounds for the cell to use. er is where lipids componets of the membrane are made. gogi is whjere protiens ismodify and sent throught the rest of the cell.

Answer 6

wow - in my house with the way the kids eat....
and boy do those dishes pile up, too.

in my house you can find all kind of neat things in teh sponge...

- tomate cells (catsup)
- fat cells ( chicken)
- milk cells (cereal)
- and the unknown ( hot dogs )

lol