Who discovered Helium?

Answer 1

Evidence of helium was first detected on August 18, 1868 as a bright yellow line with a wavelength of 587.49 nanometres in the spectrum of the chromosphere of the Sun, by French astronomer Pierre Janssen during a total solar eclipse in Guntur, India. This line was initially assumed to be sodium. On October 20 of the same year, English astronomer Norman Lockyer observed a yellow line in the solar spectrum, which he named the D3 line, for it was near the known D1 and D2 lines of sodium, and concluded that it was caused by an element in the Sun unknown on Earth. He and English chemist Edward Frankland named the element with the Greek word for the Sun, ἥλιος (helios)

On March 26, 1895, British chemist William Ramsay isolated helium on Earth by treating the mineral cleveite with mineral acids. Ramsay was looking for argon but, after separating nitrogen and oxygen from the gas liberated by sulfuric acid, noticed a bright-yellow line that matched the D3 line observed in the spectrum of the Sun.These samples were identified as helium by Lockyer and British physicist William Crookes. It was independently isolated from cleveite the same year by chemists Per Teodor Cleve and Abraham Langlet in Uppsala, Sweden, who collected enough of the gas to accurately determine its atomic weight.Helium was also isolated by the American geochemist William Francis Hillebrand prior to Ramsay's discovery when he noticed unusual spectral lines while testing a sample of the mineral uraninite. Hillebrand, however, attributed the lines to nitrogen. His letter of congratulations to Ramsay offers an interesting case of discovery and near-discovery in science.

In 1907, Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Royds demonstrated that an alpha particle is a helium nucleus. In 1908, helium was first liquefied by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes by cooling the gas to less than one kelvin. He tried to solidify it by further reducing the temperature but failed because helium does not have a triple point temperature where the solid, liquid, and gas phases are at equilibrium. It was first solidified in 1926 by his student Willem Hendrik Keesom by subjecting helium to 25 atmospheres of pressure.

In 1938, Russian physicist Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa discovered that helium-4 has almost no viscosity at temperatures near absolute zero, a phenomenon now called superfluidity. In 1972, the same phenomenon was observed in helium-3 by American physicists Douglas D. Osheroff, David M. Lee, and Robert C. Richardson.

Answer 2

Helium was discovered in the gaseous atmosphere surrounding the Sun by the French astronomer Pierre Janssen, who detected a bright yellow line in the spectrum of the solar chromosphere during an eclipse in 1868.
The British chemist Sir William Ramsay discovered the existence of helium on Earth in 1895.
Helium constitutes about 23 percent of the mass of the universe and is thus second in abundance to hydrogen in the cosmos.

Answer 3

Gr. helios, the sun). Janssen obtained the first evidence of helium during the solar eclipse of 1868 when he detected a new line in the solar spectrum. Lockyer and Frankland suggested the name helium for the new element. In 1895 Sir William Ramsay in Scotland discovered helium in the uranium mineral clevite while it was independently discovered in cleveite by the Swedish chemists P.T. Cleve and Nils Langlet at about the same time.
Rutherford and Royds in 1907 demonstrated that alpha particles are helium nuclei

Answer 4

When John W. Draper mentioned helium during his inaugural address as the first president of the American Chemical Society in 1876, only eight years had passed since French and English astronomers had first identified this strange element in the gases surrounding the Sun. Because it was then unknown on planet Earth, helium derived its name from the Greek word for the Sun, Helios. While some scientists debated the original astronomical findings, others found that extremely small amounts could be obtained by heating some uranium minerals. Yet, by 1897, helium was still considered to be one of the rarest elements then discovered. The American Chemical Society designated the discovery of helium in natural gas as a National Historic Chemical Landmark at The University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, on April 15, 2000.

Answer 5

(Gr. helios, the sun). Janssen obtained the first evidence of helium during the solar eclipse of 1868 when he detected a new line in the solar spectrum. Lockyer and Frankland suggested the name helium for the new element. In 1895 Sir William Ramsay in Scotland discovered helium in the uranium mineral clevite while it was independently discovered in cleveite by the Swedish chemists P.T. Cleve and Nils Langlet at about the same time.

Rutherford and Royds in 1907 demonstrated that alpha particles are helium nuclei.

Answer 6

First detected in 1868 by French astronomer Pierre Janssen as an unknown yellow spectral line signature in the light of a solar eclipse, helium was separately identified as a new element later that year by English astronomer Norman Lockyer.

Answer 7

Kirchhoff and bunsen even discovered two entirely new chemical elements with with their spectroscope. In 1861, they discovered caesium (Named from the Latin word for sky blue, due to its brilliant blue spectral line) The following year they discovered rubidium (Named form the Latin word for red, since it has prominent relines in the spectrum) The importance of the spectroscope was demonstrated even more impressively in 1878 when the English astronomer Joseph Norman Lockeyer (1836-1920) suggested that some dark line in the solar spectrum, which corresponded to know substance, were the absorption line of a hitherto unknown element. He call this element helium, after Helios the Greek god of the sun, It was not until 1895 that the Scottish chemist William Ramsay (1852-1916) Discovered terrestrial Helium

Answer 8

Discovered spectroscopically in the sun by Sir Joseph Lockyer of England in 1868. Independent spectroscopic discovery in the sun by Pierre Janssen of France in 1868. Isolated on earth by Sir William Ramsay of England in 1895.

Answer 9

Bright emission lines from prominences were recorded in 1868 and then tests carried out at the College of Chemistry in London were made to reproduce the lines. It was impossible to find the source for the strong yellow line and thus in 1870 Lockyer suggested that is was due to a hypothetical element that he named `Helium', after the greek Sun god `Helios'.

Answer 10

Pierre Janssen