What is protein synthesis?

Question

What is it?

Answer 1

Protein synthesis (in a cell) is called translation. It is the reading of an mRNA in 3 nucleotide codons by the ribosome. The ribosome lines up the 3 codons and matches them to the anti-codon stem of a cognate tRNA-amino acid. The amino acid that is on the tRNA is added to the building peptide chain and this continues until the codon reads one of 3 STOP codons. Then you have a peptide.

All of this can occur really fast and accurately in a cell. We can imitate it in a test tube by performing protein sysnthsis using chemicals and temperature based polymer chemistry to make a peptide.

A comparison between the 2 is that bacteria can synthsize all the proteins tehy need to replicate in 30 minutes whereas researchers can take weeks to synthesize a simple peptide.

Answer 2

Synthesis means formation , so it means the formation of protein from amino acids in the cell.
After a chain of mRNA is transcribed from DNA, it goes into the main cell and attaches to the ribosomes, exposing one codon at a time. tRNA float around the cell and find amino acids -- which are matched up by the tRNA's anticodon. (complementary to the mRNA's codon)

Eventually amino acids are linked to form proteins. This continues until a terminator codon is reached.

Answer 3

making of the polypeptide chain during translation. (when mRNA is converted into a amino acid/polypeptide chain via tRNA)