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Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (i.e. accelerate) chemical reactions. In these reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products. Almost all processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at significant rates. Since enzymes are extremely selective for their substrates and speed up only a few reactions from among many possibilities, the set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell.
Like all catalysts, enzymes work by lowering the activation energy (ÎG‡) for a reaction, thus dramatically accelerating the rate of the reaction. Most enzyme reaction rates are millions of times faster than those of comparable uncatalyzed reactions. As with all catalysts, enzymes are not consumed by the reactions they catalyze, nor do they alter the equilibrium of these reactions. However, enzymes do differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzymes are known to catalyze about 4,000 biochemical reactions.[1] Not all biochemical catalysts are proteins, since some RNA molecules called ribozymes also catalyze reactions.
Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules. Inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity; activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. Activity is also affected by temperature, pH, and the concentration of substrate. Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. In addition, some household products use enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions (e.g., enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein or fat stains on clothes; enzymes in meat tenderizers break down proteins, making the meat easier to chew).
2007-02-20 06:07:00
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answer #2
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answered by mallimalar_2000 7
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Enzymes ( ferments)are proteins, which acts as catalyst by chemicals reaction.
You can find a lot of information abut enzymes by wikipedia.
2007-02-20 08:21:17
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answer #3
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answered by ahmad a 1
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enzymes or biocatalysts r non living complex organic, nitrogeneous compounds obtained from bacteria or yeast which catalyse the reactions taking place in living organisms.
2007-02-20 06:09:38
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answer #4
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answered by S . Sushmita 2
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