A biorhythm is a hypothetical cyclic pattern of alterations in physiology, emotions, and/or intellect. "Bio" pertains to life and "rhythm" pertains to the flow with regular movement.
Basic theory
The theory of biorhythms claims that one's life is affected by rhythmic biological cycles, and seeks to make predictions regarding these cycles and the personal ease of carrying out tasks related to the cycles. These inherent rhythms are said to control or initiate various biological processes and are classically composed of three cyclic rhythms that are said to govern human behaviour and demonstrate innate periodicity in natural physiological change: the physical, the emotional, and the intellectual (or mental) cycles. Others claim there are additional rhythms, some of which may be combinations of the three primary cycles. Some proponents think that biorhythms may be potentially related to bioelectricity and its interactions in the body.
Basic rhythms follow certain facets of physiological cycles, though they may include others, and the details may vary depending on the source. The three classical cycles of biorhythms are endogenous infradian rhythms. The theory's basis lies in physiological and emotional cycles. They are often represented graphically as either symmetric or asymmetric waveforms, though most theories rely on symmetric forms. The most commonly used form is the sinusoidal waveform, which is thought to be a plausible representation of a bioelectric activity cycle. Due to this sinusoidal nature, the cyclical flow of bioelectric activity undergoes periodic reverses in direction. Each cycle oscillates between a positive phase [0%..100%] and a negative phase [-100%..0%], during which bioelectric activity strengthens and weakens. The waveforms start, in most theories, at the neutral baseline (0%) at the time of birth of each individual. Each day that the waveform again crosses this baseline is dubbed a critical day, which means that tasks in the domain of the cycle are supposed to be far more difficult to carry out successfully than on other non-critical days. The purpose of mapping the biorhythmic cycles is to enable the calculation of critical days for performing or avoiding various activities.
The classical definition (derivatives of the original theory exist) states that one's birth is an unfavorable circumstantial event, as is the day about 58 years later when the three cycles are again synchronised at their minimum values. According to the classical definition, the theory is assumed to apply only to humans. In the classical theory, the value of each cycle can be calculated at any given time in the life of an individual, and there are web sites that do exactly that.
Related terminology
Biorhythmics is either a protoscientific branch or a pseudoscience, depending on opinion, that studies biorhythms or deal with biorhythms. Biorhythmic study focuses on physiological, emotional, and intellectual processes and its forecasting. Biorhythm phenomena are observable human conditions which can be detailed and explained by biorhythmics. These conditions are bound by the variables that exist in the body. Certain facets of biorhythmics are likened by proponents to concepts found in weather forecasting (commonly known as meteorology).
Chronobiology is a branch of biology that studies rhythms in living beings. Unlike biorhythm, its status as a science is unquestioned.
Biological rhythm cycles
Ultradian are the biological rhythms having extremely short cycles (lasting less than 24 hours).
Circadian are the biological rhythms having a period of 24 hours (lasting a day).
Infradian are biological rhythms composed of long-term cycles (lasting several days).
Exogenous are cycles influenced by external factors.
Endogenous are cycles not influenced by external changes.
Circatrigintan are cycles that recur every month (around 25-35 days).
Circavigintan are cycles that recur triweekly (around 17-23 days).
Circadiseptan are cyles that occur biweeklly (around 12-17 days).
Circannual are cycles that recur every year (around 365 days
Application
In the workplace, railroads and airlines have experimented the most with biorhythms. A pilot describes the Japanese and American attitudes towards biorhythms.[1] He acknowledges, researching his pilot logbook, that his greatest errors of judgment occurred during critical days, but concludes that an awareness of one's critical days and paying extra attention is sufficient to ensure safety. A former United Airlines pilot and user of the Biorhythms for Windows[2] program confirms that United Airlines used biorhythms until the mid-1990s, while the Nippon Express air freight still used biorhythms.[citation needed]
Charting biorhythms for personal use was popular in the United States during the 1970s; many places (especially video arcades and amusement areas) had a biorhythm machine that provided charts upon entry of date of birth.
History
The classical theory originated at the turn of the 19th century, between 1897 and 1902, from observational research.
Hermann Swoboda, professor of psychology at the University of Vienna, who was researching periodic variations in fevers, looked into the possibility of a rhythmic change in mood and health. He collected data on reaction to pain, outbreak of fevers, illnesses, asthma, heart attacks, and recurrent dreams. He concluded that there was a 23-day physical cycle and a 28-day emotional cycle.
Wilhelm Fliess, a nose and throat specialist and reportedly a numerologist, was independently researching the occurrences of fevers, recurrent illnesses and deaths in his patients. He too came to the conclusion that there was a 23 and a 28-day rhythm. Fliess's theories were of great interest and importance to Sigmund Freud during his early work in developing his psychoanalytic concepts.
Alfred Teltscher, professor of engineering at the University of Innsbruck, observed that his students' good days and bad days followed a rhythmic pattern of 33 days. Teltscher found that the brain's ability to absorb, mental ability, and alertness ran in 33 day cycles. In the 1920s, Dr. Rexford Hersey (psychologist; Pennsylvania, America) also reportedly made contributions to the classical theory.
These three biorhythms compose the classical theory. The classical theory has been studied, especially in Germany, Japan, and the United States, with conflicting results. Various modern derivatives exist of the classical theory.
Plausibility
Proponents of biorhythmics call it an established interdisciplinary area of scientific endeavor which is still speculative in many facets or, alternatively, a protoscience. Critics state that biorhythms are based only upon numerological associations. The plausibility of biorhythmics is contested by mathematicians, biologists and other scientists.
Biorhythms have echoes of chronobiology, the study of circadian and other rhythms. Through medical research, doctors have found that there are periodicity and rhythms in a person's lifespan, although few doctors believe they correspond to those described as "biorhythms". Biochronometry has shown that rhythm and cycles such as the circadian (from Latin circa diem; literally, "about a day") exist. These discoveries, among others, have shown that people are affected by physiological, emotional and intellectual rhythms (though the exact relationships to the biorhythm cycles are not precisely understood).[citation needed] Studies regarding the effects of biorhythm on the human condition are still conducted.[citation needed]
The Biorhythm theory is often treated as falsely claiming scientific validity. Biorhythm critics' responses range from opposing it as harmful to ignoring it or treating it as entertainment. Some of the criticisms of the various theories in the category of biorhythmics are:
* The choices of periodical function, frequency and phase are arbitrary.
* The assumption is made that the cycles are the same for everyone.
* The frequency is assumed to be constant.
* Evidence tends to be anecdotal.
* Arguments are made based in ignorance of number theory.
* Tests of the hypothesis have basic flaws.
* The quantitative generalizations of complex human behavior are inadequate.
* Hypotheses are not formulated precisely.
* Experimental data fail peer review.
* Experiments cannot be replicated.
* Some unscrupulous practitioners resemble professional fortune-telling fraud artists.
Some biorhythm critics say that biorhythms can be thrown off by such occurrences in the calendar as the beginning of the new year, holidays, or something as simple as the start of the week.
Calculation
The formulae for the curves are
* physical: sin(2πt / 23),
* emotional: sin(2πt / 28) and
* intellectual: sin(2πt / 33),
where t indicates the number of days since birth
Patents
* U.S. Patent 4,960,980 - Bioclock calculating device for human body
* U.S. Patent 4,625,732 - Apparatus for measuring the actual psychophysiological condition
* U.S. Patent 4,551,620 - Biorhythms analog computer-calendar
* U.S. Patent 4,465,077 - Apparatus and method of determining fertility status
* U.S. Patent 4,184,202 - Biorhythm computer
* U.S. Patent 4,101,962 - Electronic calculator for determining biorhythm data
2007-02-19 04:30:18
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answer #1
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answered by Answerer17 6
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At the beginning of the last century, Dr. Wilhelm Fliess noticed identical rhythms in the case histories of his patients. He observed active and passive phases in the physical, emotional and mental aspects of humans. From these observations he derived the principle of the biorhythm: The physical curve with its cycle of 23 days, the emotional curve with 28 days and the mental curve with 33 days.
Interpretation
When the curve of any cycle is above the midline, we experience a "high" in the corresponding field (physical, emotional or mental). If it is the physical curve, you will feel bodily well and, for example, if you were to have an operation the body would be more resilient. If it is the emotional curve, you will be in a good mood and your contact with other people will be positive. If it is the mental curve, your thought processes will be sharper, concentration will be easier and you may have a lot of ideas and insights.
When the curve of any cycle is below the midline, we experience a "low" in the corresponding field. If it is a physical low, you may feel weak and listless; if it is an emotional low, you may feel miserable and out of sorts; if it is a mental low, thinking can be foggy and concentration hard.
When any of the curves crosses the midline, this is a critical time in the corresponding field and if two curves cross the midline at the same point, this is a very critical time. Critical in the physical field means you may feel exhausted and it is better to avoid physical effort and operations. Critical in the emotional field means you may feel irritable and sad, and emotional outbreaks are likely so it is better to avoid conflicts and arguments. Critical in the mental field finally means sluggish thinking and it is better to postpone activities that demand a lot of concentration.
and also
A biorhythm is based on the idea that certain aspects of your life move in cycles. These being your Physical, Emotional and Intellectual well being. The cycle is based on a sine wave, each starting at 0 on the day of your birth. Each of the different aspects cycles at a different rate.
Physical cycles once every 23 days
Emotional cycles once every 28 days
Intellectual cycles once every 33 days
2007-02-19 07:27:54
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answer #3
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answered by veerabhadrasarma m 7
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