Hello !!! Anyone know about Descartes and Hume { idiots guide please!!}?

Answer 1

Rene Descartes and David Hume have completely contrasting view on many types of Philosophy, for example, the both disagree on the way in which we gain knowledge, and the way in which our minds work.
Descartes was a rationalist, rationalism is the thesis that all knowledge derives from reason rather than experience, this kind of knowledge is known as a priori knowledge.

Hume was an empiricist, empiricism if of the view that all the knowledge we have is obtained through our experiences and our senses. The mind is a ‘tabula rasa’, ‘a blank table’, at birth, there is no such thing as innate knowledge. Innate knowledge is the knowledge we have from birth. However, some empiricists believe that although the source of ideas comes from the senses, some knowledge is understood and supported by reason.

If you need anymore help then ask, thats from the essay I am writing on the two of them.

Answer 2

Descartes was a rationalist, this meant that he believed that all knowledge was gained through the power of reason and the mind. He placed a secondary importance on experiences and sense information. Often cited as one of the father's of modern philosophy he was one of the first to skeptically analyse what he thought he knew. However his Major flaw was that in order to overcome this doubt, because unlike Socrates Descartes didn;t want to be left with the conclusion that he couldn't be sure he knew anything! He introduced the idea of God with what can only be described as a completely unfounded notion that God was a simple and basic idea therefore must exist. Also during the course of Descartes doubt he managed to doubt everyting inventing an evil demon (Malign Genie-but basically and evil god) that could fool him on everything even mathematics. Since most of mathematics is logic Descartes therefore must doubt logic can give him any real knowledge (undoubtable) however he then uses Logic to prove the existence of God. This in turn means there can't be an evil genie so logic is ture but thats it. This is known as Cartesian Circle. he introduces a Genie so he can doubt everything even logic then uses this flawed logic to prove god and therby disprove the existence of the Genie, making logic the source of truth. From here he was able to move to his cogito ergo sum. Decartes was also a substance dualist beleiving that reality was comprised of physical and mental substances. To sum up Descartes theory of epistemology (how knowledge is gained) he believed in innate ideas and deductive reasoning with no recourse to experience necessary.

David Hume was a British Empiricist beleiving knowledge could only come from experience, further the rational mind only developed because of the way it processed experience. Hume is a bit more complicated to go into detail with suffice to say he disagreed with Descartes dualism as there was nop evidence of a mental world. Hume would also have been a materialist believing only in the world that could be percieved via the senses.
Humes theory of knowledge can be seen as a posterori meaning coming after experience as opposed to a priori without experience. Descartes tried to found knowledge upon analytical statements from a set of axioms he intended to find which ended up being the cogito and God. Hume believed the most useful knowledge could only be based on synthetic propostions (ones that required experience to validate them).

Hume definetly was not a Skeptic nor was Descartes.

Answer 3

Descartes was famous for his "cogito, ergo sum," "I think, therefore I am" conclusion in his first meditation. He eventaully "proved: the existence of god using what is now known as the "Cartesian Method."

Hume was more or less the first atheist or skeptical philsopher in the Western Tradition. Him and Kant kept trying to outdo each other. Sort of a philosophical boxing match as it were.

Answer 4

john stuart mill, of his own free will, on a half a pint of shandy was particularly ill,
plato they say, could stick it away, half a crate of whisky every day,
aristotole, aristotle was a bugger for the bottle,
hume was fond of a dram,
and rene descartes was a drunken fart, i drink therefore i am.

yeees, socrates himself is particularly missed,
a lovely little thinker, but a bugger when he's pissed.

Answer 5

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Answer 6

I know that Descartes came up with the phrase "Je pense, donc je suis!", or as we know it, "I think, therefore I am!".