What was Romans goverment?

Question

In the Roman Empire

Answer 1

The early Roman government was a republic. Dictators were appointed in times of war, but usually a triumvirate (3 men acting together) ruled. That all ended with Julius Caesar, who was appointed "Dictator for Life". He was assassinated by Roman Senators who feared he was plotting to make himself emperor. His nephew Octavian succeeded where his uncle had failed and became Emperor Augustus Caesar. From then on, the Roman government was an empire. The Senate still existed, but the Emperor had all the real power.

Answer 2

in the beginning, it was a republic, much like the USA's. Later it became an Empire.

Answer 3

Emperor Cesar's policy.

Answer 4

In the Roman Empire there was the Emperor(Caesar) at the supreme head of society. He was the actual supreme commander af the armed forces(legions, auxilluria, numachia, symachia, praetorians, urban guard, vigiles, navy fleets and squadrons and allies). He had the twin powers of IMPERIUM(supreme command of rome's amies and supreme judge) and TRIBUNUS POTESTOS(supreme power of appeal for the people-the power of the tribunes). Any citizen could at any time appeal to Caesar and the authorities would have to accquience. No citizen could be crucified. However, if in theory he was an absolute ruler, he could be deposed or killed if he was too bad. The Romans had a republic's idea of governent. All human and all having some sort of dignity.

Then there was the SENATE. Originally this was 300 patricians in the old republic but had, by the empire's time, increased to 600. They were more often than not an advisory council. Below them were there governors. You had two types of governors-Senatorial and Imperial. When Augustus took over he divided the administation of the empire's provinces between the senate and himself. Most of the dangerous area(hence where the legions were) were imperial provinces. Most of the peaceful were senatorial provinces.
The senatorial provinces were such(at the time of Augustus)
BAECTICA (in southern spain)
GALLICA NARBONISIS(southern france)
AFRICA PROCONSULIS (mid north africa)
ASIA( eastern turkey)
ACHAEA( greece)
DYRRACHIUM (illyria or yugoslavia)
CYPRUS
CILICIA ( southern turkey)
They were ruled over by either:
PROCONSUL PROVINCAE GRADE I( small province):
on 600,000 denarii per year.
PROCONSUL PROVINCAE GRADE II (large province)
on 1,000,000 denarii per year.
The imperial provinces were the rest. They were adminsted by:
PROCUTATOR XL ( small provincal fleet)
on 40,000 denarii per year
PROCUTATOR C (large provincal fleet)
on 100,000 denarii per year
PROCUTATOR CC (small province like judea-pontius pilate)
on 200,000 denarii per year
PROCUTATOR CCC (administers finance)
on 300,000 denarii per year
LEGATUS AUGUSTI PRO PRAETOR I (ordinary province)
on 400,000 denarii per year
LEGATUS AUGUSTI PRO PRAETOR II ( province-1 legion)
on 500,000 denarii per year
LEGATUS AUGUSTI PRO PRAETOR III (province-more than one legion) on 900,000 denarii per year.
PRAEFECTUS AEGYPTUS( governor of egypt)
on 2,000,000 denarii per year.
These governors were in charge of the military and administration of their provinces. Sometimes they were assisted by allied kings such as herod. They were also assisted by QUESTORS and such military officers as CENTURION HASTATIS POSTERIOR(for just a procurator c - who was on 3,250 denarii per year) to a CENTURION PRIMIS PILUS INERTIA(on 20,000 denarii per year) or PRAEFECTUS CAESTORIUM(THE PRIMAPILIUS-on 22,000 denarii per year) for a Legatus Augusti Pro Praetor III or a PROCONSUL PROVINCAE II.
Also in the provinces you had the local TRIBUNES who represented the local people. They could appeal on behalf of the provincials. In provinces you also had town head, village heads and in Italy-Mayors. You also had in many cities, town councils comprising of either the wealthy or the governor's representatives.
In Rome you had the city divided into 14 administrative districts. You had 9,900 Pratorean Guardsman(9,000 infrantry and 900 cavalry) who guarded the emperor and kept some order, 3,000 Urban Guardsman(the police) who kept order in the districts and the Vigiles (fire brigade) of 3,500. You had the offices of the old repulic to administer the government's functions.:
QUESTORS (treasury officials)
There were 8 of them.
AEDILES(games and markets)>two types: Aedile Curile(assisting a Consul)and Aedile Tribunus(assisting a Tribune)
There were 4 of them.
TRIBUNES(people's representatives)
There were 2 of them.
PRAETORS( municiple judges> Praetor Urbinus(citizens)
( Praetor Perigrinus(others)
There were 16 of them.
CONSULS( supreme judges)- two elected per year
CENSOR( honourary office>senate lists,senate morals and
registration of citizens-births, deaths & marriages)
Elected once every 5 years.
Also you had some Pratoreans in the rest of Italy. In the senatorial provinces the proconsul provincaes relied on some Auxillury cohorts to provide order.

The Romans had a republican ideal and form of government. They had the senate and the elected public officials. They had the principles of law, for example THE HORATIO-VALERIAN ROGOTATIONS of 267 B.C.>
I Plebians can enter into the college of Quindecemviirs
II One of the Consuls has to be a Plebian
III Intermarriage between Patricians and Plebians permitted
IV Distribution of Public Land to Plebians
They had a general fair system of government. They had traditionally acknowledge even slaves to be human. In the early days of the republic when there were only a few slaves, they were part of the family and ate and socialised with them. In the empire slaves were still considered part of the family if they were domestic slaves. It was any citizen's right to appeal to Caesar himself. When and if a case was going against you, it was traditon and accepted(even by the bad emperors) to abuse the Caesar. When a philosopher was before Commodus he said that Commodu's father, Marcus Aurelius was a true emperor, Commodus himself was a spoilt little brat. Commodus bore no ill-will to the person. When there were defacements to Nero's statues saying "this is a real competition Nero and you have lost"
Alluding to Nero's artistic endeavours which he held precious, Nero did not have the matter go further-he had no malice. For Rome didn indeed have a common touch government. For although the emperor stood at the pinicle of Roman society, above the emperor stood the mob.

Answer 5

when?