El Nino & La Nina?

Question

wat is it.
How does it work?
What effect does it have on surrounding areas?
How do we study it?

Answer 1

This is a good question because we have been experiencing the effects of El Nino these past few months. While the La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean surface temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific the El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. The latter is caused by strong equatorial easterlies which tend to pile up a bulge in the ocean level in the western north pacific ocean. This in turn allows the polar jet stream to dip much further south off the west coast of the US which in turn brings heavy precipitation to the west coast from Mexico north to Oregon and as far east as Colorado. On the other hand it makes for a drier and warmer east coast. We experienced these effects in December and January and we are now in a changing pattern. However this same El Nino is considered to have been the cause of the tornado outbreak in Florida recently with the southern branch of the jet stream coming from Mexico across the Gulf of Mexico and over central Florida. I hope this simple explanation helps a little in answering your several questions.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/elnino/nino-home.html
http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/

Those are some great sites with descriptions and images that you can use to answer your questions.

One way that we detect what is happening is through the monitoring of a network of ~70 environmental buoys in the tropical Pacific Ocean. http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/proj_over/proj_over.html