Electrophile, Nucleophile ?

Question

Give two essential features of an electrophile and two of a nucleophile. Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

Electrophile's have an undue sexual fascination for electron's. These people are generally very frustrated due to the wave-particle duality of electrons.

Nucleophile's have fetishes that are a bit more wide ranging. They have varying interests in protons and neutrons and often a sick desire for quarks. On the up side, they can be charming from the top down, although it's strange how they focus on bottoms.

Answer 2

In chemistry, an electrophile (literally electron-lover) is a reagent attracted to electrons that participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile. Because electrophiles accepts electrons, they are Lewis acids (see acid-base reaction theories). Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom which carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom which does not have an octet of electrons.




In chemistry, a nucleophile (literally nucleus lover as in nucleus and phile) is a reagent that forms a chemical bond to its reaction partner (the electrophile) by donating both bonding electrons.[1] Because nucleophiles donate electrons, they are by definition Lewis bases (see acid-base reaction theories). All molecules or ions with a free pair of electrons can act as nucleophiles, although negative ions (anions) are more potent than neutral reagents. Neutral nucleophilic reactions with solvents such as alcohols and water are named solvolysis.

Nucleophiles may take part in nucleophilic substitution, whereby a nucleophile becomes attracted to a full or partial positive charge on an element and displaces the group it is bonded to.

Nucleophilic is an adjective that describes the affinity of a nucleophile to the nuclei, while nucleophilicity or nucleophile strength refers to the nucleophilic character. Nucleophilicity is often used to compare an atom's relative affinity to another's.

In general, the more basic the ion (the higher the pKa of the conjugate acid), the more reactive it is as a nucleophile. Polarizability is also important in the determination of the nucleophilicity: the easier it is to distort the electron cloud around an atom or molecule, the more readily it will react. e.g., the iodide ion (I−) is more nucleophilic than the fluoride ion (F−).

An ambident nucleophile is one that can attack from two or more places, resulting in two or more products. For example, the thiocyanate ion (SCN−) may attack from either the S or the N. For this reason, the SN2 reaction of an alkyl halide with SCN− often leads to a mixture of RSCN (an alkyl thiocyanate) and RNCS (an alkyl isothiocyanate).

The terms nucleophile and electrophile were introduced by Christopher Kelk Ingold in 1929,[2] replacing the terms cationoid and anionoid proposed earlier by A. J. Lapworth in 1925



The electrophiles attack the most electron-populated part of a nuculeophile. The electrophiles frequently seen in the organic syntheses are cations such as H+ and NO+, polarlized neutral molecules such as HCl, alkyl halides, acyl halides, and carbonyl compounds, polarlizable neutral molecules such as Cl2 and Br2, oxidizing agents such as organic peracids, chemical species that do not satisfy the octet rule such as carbenes and radicals, and some of lewis acids such as BH3 and DIBAL.

Answer 3

ELECTOPHILE IS AN ELECTRON DEFICIENT REAGENT WHICH CONTAIN POSITIVE CHARGE .EXAMPLE CAN BE CL,BR,NO2,SO3H.....