The first European to reach Alberta was the fur trader Anthony Henday, who explored the vicinity of present-day Red Deer and Edmonton in 1754-55. He spent the winter with a group of Blackfoot, with whom he traded and went buffalo hunting. The fur trade changed the lives of the First Nations. Their somewhat nomadic lifestyle became focused on gathering, transporting and trading furs with European explorers and settlers. In return for their furs, they received guns, blankets and metal goods.
The trade also led to greater knowledge of the geography of Alberta, especially through the work of David Thompson. In the 1790s and early 1800s, Thompson drew the first good maps of the Alberta region as he explored and surveyed for the North-West Company (NWC). In 1821 the NWC merged with the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), and the HBC took control of the fur trade across the whole Northwest. In 1870 the Hudson's Bay Company turned over control of the entire Northwest to Canada. In 1872, the region was opened for settlement. To support its claim to the Northwest and to keep law and order in the region, the Canadian government formed the North-West Mounted Police in 1873. The Mounties established their first post in Alberta in 1874 at Fort Macleod. One of their first tasks was to control the whisky trade.
A major event in Alberta history was the arrival of the railway in 1883. The railway made the Canadian settlement of the West possible. In 1881 there were about 1,000 non-Native settlers in Alberta. Ten years later that number had grown to 17,500.
The most successful early settlers were the ranchers, who found Alberta's foothills to be ideal ranching country. Most of Alberta's ranchers were English settlers, but the cowboys — such as John Ware who in 1876 brought the first cattle into the province — were American.
Farming the prairie proved more difficult. Most newcomers preferred to settle in the United States West, but by the 1890s, most of the American land was taken. In 1897, Canada's minister of the interior, Clifford Sifton, began a massive advertising campaign in Europe to encourage people to come to the Canadian West.
Alberta was proclaimed a province in 1905 and Edmonton became the capital city.
While most of the early settlers came from Ontario, Britain or the United States, many of the people who came as a result of Sifton's campaign were of German, Ukrainian, and Romanian descent, giving Alberta the diverse population that it has today. The result of Sifton's campaign was spectacular. Alberta's population grew to 73,000 in 1901; to 374,000 in 1911; and to 584,000 in 1921!
As of April 1, 2005, Alberta's population is estimated to be 3,236,906. This represents a yearly increase of approximately 46,500 persons (or 1.46% growth) since April 1, 2004. The Alberta economy has been strong for many years and as a result, the province continues to experience the highest net interprovincial migration in Canada.
About 3.3 million people live in Alberta today, a population grown of early and continuing immigration, people moving to Alberta from other parts of Canada. In the 2001 census, one-quarter of Albertans described their heritage as Canadian, half claimed English, Scottish or Irish heritage, and the rest claimed heritage from around the world, including the United States. About 70,000 Americans live in Calgary, Alberta's largest city.
More than 435,000 Albertans, or one in seven, were born outside of Canada.One in 10 Albertans is a member of a visible minority
Alberta will look to immigration to help fill an anticipated worker shortage over the next decade that could be as high as 100,000
Two thirds of Albertans live in the metropolitan areas of Calgary and Edmonton. About 1 million people live in the smaller urban centres, small towns, rural areas and remote communities. The province continues to attract about 82,000 new residents every year from elsewhere in Canada and from around the world.
Alberta is blessed with an abundance of natural resources that form the foundation of its thriving economy. The Alberta government has built on this foundation by fostering a positive business climate based on low taxation that attracts investment, creates diversity, and encourages Alberta businesses to compete successfully around the globe.
A strong and diversified economy
A globally competitive business tax environment
An efficient and modern infrastructure
Strategic access to the North American free trade market and to north Asian markets
Political stability and low taxes
A young, skilled and productive workforce
Canada's lowest overall personal taxes
A fiscally responsible government with no net debt
A government that understands and works closely with business
Safe communities with superior quality of life and diverse cultures
ENERGY
Oil and gas produce one-quarter of Alberta’s GDP, almost 70% of our exports and 35% of Alberta government revenues. The
energy industry accounts for 275,000 direct and indirect jobs.
Alberta’s hydrocarbon resources include conventional oil, oil sands, natural gas, and increasingly, coal bed methane. Alberta’s coal seams are estimated to hold up to 500 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
The Alberta government invests about $30 million per year in energy research and technology, including clean coal
technologies, carbon dioxide management, improved oil and gas recovery, bitumen upgrading, alternate and renewable
energy technologies, and water management.
OIL SANDS
Oil sands are mixtures of water, sand, clay and bitumen, a heavy crude oil that can be separated to yield lighter crude. Conventional oil is found throughout Alberta; oil sands are primarily in the north, underlying 54,363 square miles — an area
larger than the state of Florida. Oil sands produced almost 1.1 million barrels of crude a day in 2004, one third of Canada’s total output. CANADA'S PROVEN CRUDE OIL RESERVES ARE SEND ONLY TO THAT OF SAUDI ARABIA. Most reserves are in Alberta’s oil sands — over 174 billion barrels. Even with $87 billion committed to oil sands development to 2016, close to 70% of the oil sands remain open for exploration and lease.
NATURAL GAS
In 2005, Alberta produced about 13.8 billion cubic feet of natural gas a day, and five trillion cubic feet per year. That is almost 80% of Canada’s natural gas. Canada is the world’s third-largest natural gas producer and second-largest exporter. About 55% of Canada’s 6.4 trillion cubic feet produced in 2004 went to the United States. Natural gas and natural gas liquids were 40% of Alberta’s exports in 2005.
ELECTRICITY
About half of Alberta’s electricity is generated from coal. An increasing number of plants are fuelled by natural gas. Generation from renewable resources — hydro, biomass (wood) and wind power — is up almost 50% since 1998, to over 1,350 megawatts a year.
COAL
Alberta holds 70% of Canada’s coal reserves. Nine major coalmines produce 27-30 million metric tonnes of marketable
coal a year. Alberta’s low sulphur coal burns cleaner, and new coal-burning technologies generate electricity cleanly and efficiently. The Genesee 3 coal-fired plant near Edmonton is the most technologically advanced in Canada.
PETROCHEMICALS
Alberta is Canada’s leading petrochemicals manufacturer, producing over $9 billion in products and $5.3 billion in
exports each year. Some products made from petrochemicals include hard hats, skateboard wheels, camera film,
computer keys, detergents, molding and chewing gum.
Alberta is home to four petrochemical plants with a combined annual production capacity of 8.6 billion pounds. The plants at
Joffre and Fort Saskatchewan are the world’s largest.
Alberta! Produces
Alberta produces energy — the energy of people that harnesses the energy from oil, gas and the wind itself to fuel the world’s economy.
Alberta produces goods and services — the supports for life and quality of life like food and food products, forest products, construction, consumer services, health care, finance and real estate.
Alberta produces innovation — the innovation that drives research and advanced technology, develops knowledge, pioneers new medical protocols and industry solutions that spell leadership.
Alberta produces economic growth — averaging 3.8% growth a year for 10 years, Alberta continually outperforms the rest of Canada at 3.3%. In 2004, growth was 4.3%, for a GDP of $187 billion. Productivity was $58,535 GDP per paid worker, the highest in Canada.
Alberta produces investment — per capita investment was $18,520 in 2005, more than double the $7,764 per capita for Canada. One attraction is Alberta’s tax advantage: lowest personal income tax, low corporate income taxes, no capital tax, no provincial sales tax, no payroll tax and the lowest gasoline taxes in the country. A 2004 KPMG report ranked Canada as number one in the world in cost competitiveness, and Alberta cities Edmonton and Calgary as second and seventh of 63 competitive cities worldwide.
Distribution of GDP – 2004
Total GDP at market prices: $187.2 billion (Cdn.)
Energy 23.9%
Finance and real estate 15.6%
Manufacturing 8.8%
Public administration 3.6%
Education and healthcare 8.0%
Consumer services 5.2%
Construction 7.5%
Business and commercial services 8.9%
Agriculture 2.1%
Transportation and utilities 7.0%
Retail and wholesale trade 9.5%
Ed Stelmach was elected leader of the Alberta Progressive Conservative Party on December 2, 2006 and was sworn in as Alberta's 13th Premier (Canadian version of a US state Governor) on December 14th of that year. Mr. Stelmach has been a member of the Alberta Legislative Assembly since 1993. He was elected to his 4th term as an MLA on November 22, 2004, serving the Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville Constituency. Edward Michael Stelmach was born on May 11, 1951 and raised in the Lamont area on the homestead established by his grandparents on their arrival in Canada in 1898.
2007-02-14 11:31:02
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answer #2
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answered by Arsan Lupin 7
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