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2007-02-13 21:16:46 · 12 answers · asked by vankar b 1 in Arts & Humanities History

12 answers

On July 21, 1960 Sirimavo Bandaranaike took office as prime minister, and became the first female head of government in post-colonial Asia and the first female prime minister in the world. Since then she has ben followed by:
- Golda Meir, the fourth Prime Minister of Israel from March 17, 1969, to June 3, 1974 and the first jewish prime minister,
- Indira Priyadarśinī Gāndhī was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 to March 24, 1977, and again from January 14, 1980 until her assassination on October 31, 1984,
- Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990.
- Benazir Bhuto was the first woman to lead a post-colonial Muslim state. She was elected Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1988, only to be deposed 20 months later. She was re-elected in 1993 but was dismissed three years later.
- and others.

Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike (April 17, 1916 - October 10, 2000) was a politician from Sri Lanka. She was prime minister of Sri Lanka three times, 1960-1965, 1970-1977 and 1994-2000, and was the world's first female prime minister. She was a leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. She was the wife of a previous Sri Lankan Prime Minister, Solomon Bandaranaike and the mother of Sri Lanka's third President Chandrika Kumaratunga. She was also mother of Anura Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan Tourism Minister and Sunethra Bandaranaike, philanthropist.

On her husband's assassination, Bandaranaike took over the leadership of his Sri Lanka Freedom Party, which he had formed and led to election victory in 1956, and kept it for 40 years until her death. She became prime minister on July 21, 1960 and ruled her country on and off throughout the 1960s and 1970s until she was crushingly defeated in a general election in 1977. In 1980, she was expelled from parliament for abuse of power, and banned from public office for seven years.

A staunch socialist, Bandaranaike continued her husband's policies of nationalizing key sectors of the economy, such as banking and insurance. Unfortunately, she was on a roller-coaster ride from the moment she took office and within a year of her 1960 election victory she declared a state of emergency. This followed a civil disobedience campaign by part of the country's minority Tamil population who were outraged by her decision to drop English as an official language and her order to conduct all government business in Sinhala, the language of the majority Sinhalese. This they considered a highly discriminatory act and an attempt to deny Tamils access to all official posts and the law. This lead to an increase in Tamil militancy which escalated under succeeding administrations.

Further problems arose with the President's state takeover of foreign businesses, particularly the petroleum companies, which upset the Americans and the British, who imposed an aid embargo on Sri Lanka. As a result, Bandaranaike moved her country closer to China and the Soviet Union and championed a policy of nonalignment. At home, she crushed an attempted military coup in 1962. In 1964, she entered into a historic coalition with the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP). At the end of that year, she was defeated on a confidence vote, losing the general election that followed. Six years later she bounced back, her United Front winning a substantial majority in the 1970 elections.

Her second term saw a new Constitution introduced, which ended the country's status as a Commonwealth realm. Ceylon was renamed Sri Lanka and declared a republic. But after just 16 months in power, a left-wing youth uprising almost toppled her government: Sri Lanka's small ceremonial army could not deal with the insurgency. She was saved by her skillful foreign policy when the country's non-aligned friends rushed to her help. In a rare move, both India and Pakistan sent troops to Colombo to aid Bandaranaike in crushing the insurgency. In those tough political years, she turned herself into a formidable leader. "She was the only man in her cabinet", one of her officials commented during the height of the insurgency.

The 1973 oil crisis had a traumatic effect on the Sri Lankan economy; the government had no access to Western aid and her socialist policies stifled economic activity. Rationing had to be imposed. Bandaranaike became more and more intolerant of criticism and forced the shutdown of the Independent newspaper group, whose publications were her fiercest critics. Earlier she had nationalized the country's largest newspaper, Lake House, which has remained the government's official mouthpiece.

2007-02-13 21:35:02 · answer #1 · answered by Anonymous · 1 0

Margaret Hilda Thatcher

2007-02-13 21:41:41 · answer #2 · answered by sneha y 2 · 1 1

Sirimao Bhandarnaike of Sri Lanka

2007-02-13 21:26:12 · answer #3 · answered by Severine M 1 · 1 0

Sirimavo Bandarnaike Of Sri Lanka is the first lady prime minister of the world.

[TO THE PEOPLE WHO GAVE THE ANSWER AS MARGARET THATCHER: Are you guys CRAZY? Dont ever answer a question without having any knowledge about your answer. You can ruin someone's day!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2007-02-14 05:13:32 · answer #4 · answered by Doubleslap 2 · 0 0

Indira Gandhi

2007-02-13 21:28:33 · answer #5 · answered by B A 3 · 0 1

Srimavo Bandranayeka,First PM and President of SL

2007-02-14 17:44:16 · answer #6 · answered by Karthikeyan R 1 · 0 0

First woman prime minister of a country was S. Bandaranaike of sri lanka.

2007-02-13 21:45:39 · answer #7 · answered by sana 2 · 1 0

Sirimao Bandarunayake of Srilanka.

2007-02-13 22:19:03 · answer #8 · answered by murali k 1 · 0 0

I'm not sure about first, but the name Indira Gandhi comes to mind.

2007-02-13 21:27:59 · answer #9 · answered by obelix 6 · 0 1

indira gandhi

2007-02-17 15:57:53 · answer #10 · answered by dilu d 1 · 0 0

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