What long-lasting effect did the Crusades have on Spain?

Answer 1

Established both a permanent Muslim community in Spain and Roman Catholicism as the official religion of the country.

Answer 2

Freedom
If by "Crusades" you mean the Reconquista

Otherwise, the Spaniards were far too busy (regaining their own freedom and keeping it) to occupy themselves with the plight of other people. Some individuals participated in the defence of Outremer and Byzantium, but the only major "state" action was in the battle of Lepanto when the Spanish helped stop the invasion of the Turks into Italy