The last three volcanic eruptions to cause major loss of life were Krakatoa, Indonesia, where 32,000 were killed in 1883; Mt. Pelee, Martinique, where 29,000 were killed in 1902; and Nevada del Ruiz, Colombia, where 23,000 were killed in 1985.
The Most Dangerous Volcano in the World has to be chosen from amongst the ones that neighbor major cities.
Four such cities come to mind: Seattle, which is endangered by Mt. Rainier; Tokyo by Fuji; Mexico City by Popocatepetl and Naples by Vesuvius. All of these cities are fortunately far (50-100 km) from their respective volcanoes, so only a large eruption would cause major damage. But as these cities grow, their suburbs crowd ever closer to the volcano.
Kilauea, on the island of Hawaii is the least because relatively few people have been killed by Kilauea's lava, because it is usually possible for people to get out of its path.
2007-02-13 08:47:40
·
answer #1
·
answered by realst1 7
·
0⤊
0⤋
How would anyone know what was the least dangerous.
As far as most dangerous, Krakatoa had its day - who is to say it is the most dangerous now? Indonesia has many volcanoes, some very active as we speak.
also, Krakatoa was not as large as Tambora, which exploded some decades earlier in about 1815. It is simply that Tambora was in a less populated zone, and thus the casualties were lower. However, today, the whole region is highly populated. Also, Tambora affected global temperatures for two years, causing harvests to fail all over the world. That could be much more critical with today's population of 6.5 billion.
But there are plenty of others in the region, and all around the Pacific.
perhaps the potentially most dangerous at present is the one in the Canary Islands that some geologists say is going to collapse into the Atlantic creating a tsunami that will devastate the Eastern Seabord of the USA. That one doesn't even need an eruption in order to cause mayhem.
Who knows? Nobody knows for sure. Eruption prediction is still in infancy.
2007-02-13 08:56:27
·
answer #2
·
answered by nick s 6
·
0⤊
1⤋
In the year of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted in one of the most catastrophic and infamous eruptions in European history. Historians have learned about the eruption from the eyewitness account of Pliny the Younger, a Roman administrator and poet.[1]
Mount Vesuvius spawned a deadly cloud of volcanic gas, stones, ash and fumes to a height of 33 km (20.5 miles), spewing molten rock and pulverized pumice at the rate of 1.5 million tons per second, ultimately releasing a hundred thousand times the thermal energy released by the Hiroshima bombing.[2] The towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum were obliterated and buried underneath massive pyroclastic flows and lava.[1][2] An estimated 16,000 people died from the eruption
Contents [hide]
1 Precursors and foreshocks
2 Nature of the eruption
2.1 Stratigraphic studies
2.2 Magnetic studies
3 The Two Plinys
3.1 Pliny the Younger
3.2 Pliny the Elder
4 Casualties from the eruption
5 Date of the eruption
6 Notes
7 References
Precursors and foreshocks[edit]
The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii. Painting by Russian painter Karl Brullov, 1830–1833
The AD 79 eruption was preceded by a powerful earthquake seventeen years beforehand on February 5, AD 62, which caused widespread destruction around the Bay of Naples, and particularly to Pompeii. Some of the damage had still not been repaired when the volcano erupted. The deaths of 600 sheep from "tainted air" in the vicinity of Pompeii reported by Seneca the Younger leads Haraldur Sigurdsson to compare them to similar deaths of sheep in Iceland from pools of volcanic carbon dioxide and to speculate that the earthquake of 62 was related to new activity by Mount Vesuvius.
Another smaller earthquake took place in AD 64; it was recorded by Suetonius in his biography of Nero, and by Tacitus in Annales because it took place while Nero was in Naples performing for the first time in a public theatre. Suetonius recorded that the emperor continued singing through the earthquake until he had finished his song, while Tacitus wrote that the theatre collapsed shortly after being evacuated.
The Romans grew accustomed to minor earth tremors in the region; the writer Pliny the Younger wrote that they "were not particularly alarming because they are frequent in Campania". Small earthquakes started taking place on 20 August 79,[4] becoming more frequent over the next four days, but the warnings were not recognized.[8]
Nature of the eruption[edit]
Vesuvius erupting. Painting by Norwegian painter J.C. Dahl, 1826
Reconstructions of the eruption and its effects vary considerably in the details but have the same overall features. The eruption lasted for two days. The morning of the first day, August 24, was perceived as normal by the only eyewitness to leave a surviving document, Pliny the Younger, who at that point was staying at Misenum, on the other side of the Bay of Naples about twenty miles from the volcano, which may have prevented him from noticing the early signs of the eruption. He was not to have any opportunity, during the next two days, to talk to people who had witnessed the eruption from Pompeii or Herculaneum (indeed he never mentions Pompeii in his letter) so he would not have noticed early, smaller fissures and releases of ash and smoke on the mountain, if such had occurred earlier in the morning. Around 1:00 p.m., Mount Vesuvius violently exploded, throwing up a high-altitude column from which ash began to fall, blanketing the area. Rescues and escapes occurred during this time. At some time in the night or early the next day, August 25, pyroclastic flows in the close vicinity of the volcano began. Lights were seen on the mountain interpreted as fires. People as far away as Misenum fled for their lives. The flows were rapid-moving, dense, and very hot, knocking down wholly or partly all structures in their path, incinerating or suffocating all population remaining there and altering the landscape, including the coastline. These were accompanied by additional light tremors and a mild tsunami in the Bay of Naples. By evening the second day the eruption was over, leaving only haze in the atmosphere through which the sun shone weakly.
Pliny the Younger wrote an account of the eruption:
Broad sheets of flame were lighting up many parts of Vesuvius; their light and brightness were the more vivid for the darkness of the night... it was daylight now elsewhere in the world, but there the darkness was darker and thicker than any night.[9]
Stratigraphic studies[edit]
Herculaneum and other cities affected by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The black cloud represents the general distribution of ash and cinder. Modern coast lines are shown.
According to a stratigraphic study (a study of the layers of ash) by Sigurdsson, Cashdollar, and Sparks, published in 1982, and now a standard reference, the eruption of Vesuvius of AD 79 unfolded in two phases:[10] a Plinian eruption that lasted eighteen to twenty hours and produced a rain of pumice southward of the cone that built up to depths of 2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in) at Pompeii, followed by a pyroclastic flow or nuée ardente in the second, Peléan phase that reached as far as Misenum but was concentrated to the west and northwest. Two pyroclastic flows engulfed Pompeii, burning and asphyxiating the stragglers who had remained behind. Oplontis and Herculaneum received the brunt of the flows and were buried in fine ash, lava and pyroclastic deposits.
In an article published in 2002 Sigurdsson and Casey elaborate on the stratigraphic evidence based on excavations and surveys up until then. In this interpretation, the quasi-initial explosion (not quite initial) produced a column of ash and pumice ranging between 15 kilometres (49,000 ft) and 30 kilometres (98,000 ft) high, which, due to northwest winds, rained on Pompeii to the southeast but not on Herculaneum upwind. The eruption is viewed as primarily phreatomagmatic; that is, the chief energy supporting the column came from the escape of steam superheated by the magma, created from seawater seeping over time into the deep faults of the region, that came into interaction with magma and heat.
Subsequently the cloud collapsed as the gases densified and lost their capability to support their solid contents, releasing it as a pyroclastic surge, which reached Herculaneum but not Pompeii. Additional explosions reinstituted the column. The eruption alternated between Plinian and Peléan six times. Surges 4 and 5 are believed by the authors to have destroyed Pompeii.[11] Surges are identified in the deposits by dune and cross-bedding formations, which are not produced by fallout.
The authors suggest that the first ash falls are to be interpreted as early-morning, low-volume explosions not seen from Misenum, causing Rectina to send her messenger on a ride of several hours around the Bay of Naples, then passable, providing an answer to the paradox of how the messenger might miraculously appear at Pliny's villa so shortly after a distant eruption that would have prevented him.
And, No... i did not Copy this off of a website, i actually learned it all in High school and when i went to Harvard.
2014-03-19 16:27:56
·
answer #5
·
answered by Makena 1
·
0⤊
0⤋