why did the freedom Rides begin?

Question

I need why it begins and when

Answer 1

They began in 1961 as a part of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) work to desegregate southern bus terminals.

Answer 2

Thirteen black and white Freedom Riders rode into Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1961, in two buses (one Greyhound and one Trailways) which were to take the group of mixed black and white protesters throughout the South to New Orleans.

This was the start of the freedom rides.