the I/O system consist of a buffer-caching system. explain what is a buffer-caching system?

Answer 1

In general, a buffer is any area where data is temporarily stored (or rather bunched up until it is good enough to pass to the next stage - that is when it is flushed out). This way data transfer happens in bunches resulting in less frequent use of I/O.
A cache is an area where "most used" or "frequently used" data/text is stored so that any application looking for more data/text modules will first check in the cache (or multiple caches in a predefined order) before going to the main storage which can be RAM or disk file(s). By design a cache is much "nearer" to the cilent compared to the "main storage". Naturally this increases the overall effieciency of the system. Depending on the context, the cache can either be a portion of the disk (eg. web browsers), RAM or a specially designed memory module built "into" the processor. At some level the RAM itself can be thought of as a cache which caches parts of the operating system and program text/data.

Answer 2

buffer in the sense, the virtual memory of the operating system.
if u r executing something of software in your system. the application will copy the files to virtual memory spaces from where the ram has been get the appropriate program files for the required operation.
u can see visually with an expriment u can lot of jpeg files (because that will be occupy more amount of mbs) in considerable no.s ur system could be hang up or u may get an error message from ur pc that ur virtual memory space containing low amount. this is we can say as simply called as buffer.

Answer 3

It's a sort of temporary memory that stores a small amount of data before sending it out to keep the output flowing smooth.