what is philosophy of pragmatism during the progressive era in the united states?

Answer 1

Pragmatism emerged as a separate school of philosophy in the US in the late 1800's. It emphasizes the importance of practical effects and was much influenced by Darwin's work.

You can find a quite thorough (and reasonably easy to understand) review of the philosophy of pragmatism at: -
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatism

Answer 2

Maybe it's easer to understand its effects: Beat Generation.