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Making of iron is known to many, but not difficult steel.
The Rig Veda mentions about steel. Archeologists found earliest
evidence for the manufacture of steel in
South India. History says that when Alexander visited India
with copper swords, the Punjabis presented him a steel sword.
The Arabians used to make a lot
of money by selling Indian steel ingots to Europe. In
1746, the queen of Britain had sent a scientist named
Benjamin Hauntsman to India to obtain the secret of making
steel. Hauntsman stayed in India for some years, went back
to Britain and submitted a report to the queen. Some
historic records say that he did not write the main secret
and he started his foundry in his native town. How the
secret reached Henry Bessemer is unnecessary for us
because his process was essentially the Indian crucible
method of making steel. Another Indian contribution to
industries in Europe was the process of casting. The
frames of machine tools of that time were made of wood.

2007-02-10 01:16:58 · 13 answers · asked by Anonymous in Arts & Humanities History

13 answers

History of steelmaking
Main article: History of ferrous metallurgy

[edit] Ancient steel
Steel was known in antiquity, and may have been produced by managing the bloomery so that the bloom contained some carbon. Wootz steel produced in India and Sri Lanka from around 300 BC was produced in a wind furnace, blown by the monsoon winds (Juleff 1996). Crucible steel was produced in Merv by 9th to 10th century AD.


[edit] Early modern steel

[edit] Blister steel
Main article: cementation process
Blister steel, produced by the cementation process was first made in Germany in the early 17th century AD and soon after introduced to England. It was probably produced by Sir Basil Brooke at Coalbrookdale during the 1610s. The raw material for this was bars of wrought iron. During the 17th century it was realised that the best steel came from oregrounds iron from a region of Sweden, north of Stockholm. This was still the usual raw material in the 19th century, almost as long as the process was used.


[edit] Crucible steel
Main article: crucible steel
Crucible steel is steel that has been melted, with the result that it is more homogeneous than if it had not been. The early modern crucible steel industry resulted from the invention of Benjamin Huntsman in the 1740s. Blister steel (made as above) was melted in a crucible in a furnace, and cast (usually) into ingots.


[edit] Styrian steel
Another variety of steel was available in England in the 18th century, known by various names including Cullen (Cologne) steel and German steel. This was made by fining pig iron made from ores in Styria, Austria that were rich in manganese.


[edit] Modern steelmaking
The modern era in steelmaking begins with the introduction of Henry Bessemer's Bessemer process in the late 1850s. This enabled steel to be produced in large quantities cheaply, so that mild steel is now used for most purposes for which wrought iron was formerly used. This was only the first of a number of processes. The Gilchrist-Thomas process (or basic Bessemer process) was an improvement to the Bessemer process, lining the converter with a basic material to remove phosphorus. Another was the Siemens-Martin process of open hearth steelmaking.

These were rendered obsolescent by the Linz-Donawitz process of basic oxygen steelmaking, developed in the 1950s, and other oxygen steelmaking processes.

2007-02-10 01:22:01 · answer #1 · answered by FSC 2 · 0 0

Who Invented Steel

2016-12-12 08:39:56 · answer #2 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

When Was Steel Invented

2016-10-04 00:02:06 · answer #3 · answered by pantano 4 · 0 0

This Site Might Help You.

RE:
Who invented steel?
Making of iron is known to many, but not difficult steel.
The Rig Veda mentions about steel. Archeologists found earliest
evidence for the manufacture of steel in
South India. History says that when Alexander visited India
with copper swords, the Punjabis presented him a steel sword.
The...

2015-08-13 17:41:56 · answer #4 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Englishmen, Sir Henry Bessemer (1813-1898) invented the first process for mass-producing steel inexpensively, essential to the development of skyscrapers. An American, William Kelly, had held a patent for "a system of air blowing the carbon out of pig iron" a method of steel production known as the pneumatic process of steelmaking. Air is blown through molten pig iron to oxidize and remove unwanted impurities.

2007-02-10 15:12:34 · answer #5 · answered by Anonymous · 1 0

Englishmen, Sir Henry Bessemer (1813-1898) invented the first process for mass-producing steel inexpensively, essential to the development of skyscrapers. An American, William Kelly, had held a patent for "a system of air blowing the carbon out of pig iron" a method of steel production known as the pneumatic process of steel making. Air is blown through molten pig iron to oxidize and remove unwanted impurities.Modern steel is made using technology based on Bessemer's process. Bessemer was knighted in 1879 for his contribution to science. The "Bessemer Process" for mass-producing steel, was named after Bessemer.

2007-02-10 18:23:35 · answer #6 · answered by Tejus PM 2 · 0 0

Henry Bessemer

2007-02-10 01:25:29 · answer #7 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Look at the history of the Ancient Hittites who were from the region of present day north eastern Syria.They were the first to use chariots so you figure they MUST have learned something about steel.

2007-02-10 02:39:59 · answer #8 · answered by Anonymous · 0 0

Henry Bessemer.. coz even the kiln used for making steel is named after him as bessemer converter.

2007-02-10 17:51:30 · answer #9 · answered by ikkie 2 · 0 0

Egyptians

2007-02-10 01:20:55 · answer #10 · answered by john t 4 · 0 0

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