what are all the types of careers in the field of computers?

Answer 1

Computing Careers

Computing professionals might find themselves in a variety of environments in academia, research, industry, government, private and business organizations -- analyzing problems for solutions, formulating and testing, using advanced communications or multi-media equipment, or working in teams for product development. Here's a short list of research and vocational areas in computing.

Artificial Intelligence -- Develop computers that simulate human learning and reasoning ability.
Computer Design and Engineering -- Design new computer circuits, microchips, and other electronic components.
Computer Architecture -- Design new computer instruction sets, and combine electronic or optical components to provide powerful but cost-effective computing.
Information Technology -- Develop and manage information systems that support a business or organization.
Software Engineering -- Develop methods for the production of software systems on time, within budget, and with few or no defects.
Computer Theory -- Investigate the fundamental theories of how computers solve problems, and apply the results to other areas of computer science.
Operating Systems and Networks -- Develop the basic software computers use to supervise themselves or to communicate with other computers.
Software Applications -- Apply computing and technology to solving problems outside the computer field - in education or medicine, for example.

Answer 2

Computers are not really a field anymore. Almost anything you do with your life will involve a computer.

But clearly there are various disciplines in programming that require specialization. Operating systems, data bases, scripting, applications, user interfaces, drivers, expert systems, and embedded systems come to mind.