how does the cell produce and export proteins by using ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and golgi apparatus.?

Answer 1

These cell parts all work together in the protein production and processing.

1. Proteins are made on the ribosomes.
2. Proteins that are going to be exported go from the ribosomes on the surface of the rough e.r. directly into the inside space of the endoplasmic reticulum.
3. The e.r. may process these proteins a bit. The proteins travel through the e.r. until they reach the vicinity of a Golgi apparatus.
4. The e.r. membrane pinches off a little bubble called a vesicle to transport the proteins to the Golgi apparatus. It reminds me of a little transport pod like in Star Wars when the main spaceships send someone to the planet surface.
5. The vesicle from the e.r. fuses with a Golgi apparatus, adding the outer membrane of the vesicle to the Golgi apparatus membrane, and putting the enclosed proteins into the inner space of the Golgi apparatus.
6. The Golgi apparatus processes the proteins further, sorts the proteins, and packages the proteins into vesicles that pinch off from the Golgi apparatus.
7. The vesicles containing the proteins to be exported move to the plasma membrane. The vesicle membrane fuses with the plasma membrane and allows the vesicle contents to be put out of the cell.