watering plant?

Question

-how farmer know wherther their plant receiving enough water o not? not enought water? too much water?
- is it possible to give too much water to plant? what will it be?

Answer 1

Commercial crop production is a science supported industry. Growers for profit have a sizable investment in whatever they plant. Research and experience have given the grower (farmer) a large data base from which to draw information. The United States Department of Agriculture devotes huge resources to assist growers. One of those resources is the Extension Service, which is usually affiliated with a land grant university. States also have County Extension Service agents who are devoted to assisting growers.

One of the areas in which these agencies assist growers is the timely application of irrigation for each time of year and the crop in cultivation. There a several scientific methods at hand that analyze different factors to arrive at the precise time to apply the exact amount of water. Growers use these methods and also rely on experience connected to the power of observation. All of the above are used to determine when and how much to irrigate. Using these methods insure that there is never any time that not enough or too much water is applied. The crop's ideal condition through to harvest time directly influences profit. And as such, nothing is left to chance; irrigation has become a science in itself using sophisticated tools to determin exact plant/water optimums. To get an idea of how involved irrigation has become, use your search engine with terms like "irrigation factors", "irrigation research", and "crop irrigation".

You ask, "-is it possible to give too much water to (a) plant? What will it be?" (What will be the effect of too much water?)

Too much water relates to starving the roots of air, i.e. suffocation and also, plants that are genetically equipped to exist in arid conditions can suffer internal and external damage due to having more water than is normal.

When the ground is water soaked for days on end there is no air left in the soil. No air means no oxygen and a plant's roots will begin to rot. Damaged root system means less water uptake. Less water entering the plant effects growth.

When water enters soil, it fills all the soil pores and cavities, pushing the soil air out. As water infiltrates/enters the soil it continues to move downward, pulled by gravity. When there is no more water to infiltrate the soil then the downward moving water begins pulling air back into the soil. The fresh air is loaded with oxygen and it refills those millions of tiny pores, thus the roots have access to oxygen again.

Answer 2

You already got an pretty explanatory answer from Dustoff. In crops at open fields there are some tools that help you with readings of the moisture/air relation of the soil (i.e. tenciometers), with this information, a daily walk trough the field observing the plant (i.e. plant´s color), soil´s hand feeling, and root´s observation added to plants stage and weather information you can take a good watering decision for your crop. At green house productions you have to be more accurate with watering, but there are many tools to help you out.

In my opinion after the weather variable, watering is the most important variable to have an accurate control in order to get good yields, even before fertilization and pest control.

Answer 3

Farmers know how much water their plants are getting based upon the weather. Farmers keep track of rainfall. Most outdoor plants need 1" of rain per week. If they did not get it the farmer waters his plants. If it rained a lot he does not water. Most plants can get too much water. How much depends on the plant and whether it's indoors or out.

Answer 4

The farmer can tell by the growth of his fields. Not enough water low growth. too much water same problem only the crops may grow tall but have low yield or rot in the ground or one of several diseases' or fungus.
The same problem occurs with too much or too little water.

Answer 5

well, it depend on the plants. In some cases you could give a plant to much water. It all depend on the plants itself.