F1, F2 generations...etc.?

Question

My person's record contains a list of base sequences for genes F, H, A, and G. But my teacher told our class to only copy down the generations and not the base sequences. So the generations are:

F1
F1
H1
H2
A1
A1
G2
G2

..So I'm having trouble answering the questions:

1. Notice that your person's record contains a list of base sequences for genes F, H, A, and G. Why does this record show two sequences for most or all of these genes?

2. The sequences shown are only 30 bases long. Do you think that each sequence represents one complete gene or only a portion of a gene? Explain your answer.

3. What explanation can you offer for the observation that males have only one F gene and never two?

4. Consider genes H, A, and G. For which of these genes are you homozygous? For which are you heterozygous? List two ways in which you can determine this from the information on the screen.

5. Notice that the LGD does not give you any information about the genes symbolized by these letters. What type of database would you have to search to find information about these genes?

Answer 1

1. Any one will have two copies of the gene for each trait because the person has two parents. The person got one copy of the gene from Mom and one from Dad.

2. 30 bases does not make a very long gene. 30 bases will only have the code for 10 amino acids. Most proteins are way, way, way bigger than that. So this is just a portion of a gene.

3. If males have only one F gene, think of what chromosome males only have one of. It's either the X or the Y. If I had to guess, I'd say that the F gene is only on the X chromosome. The Y doesn't have very many different genes at all, but the X is much longer and has lots of genes.

4. Nobody can help you with this because we don't know what was on the screen. Homozygous means you have two genes alike. If you have any recessive traits, you must be homozygous. Heterozygous means you have two genes that don't match. If you have any dominant traits, you might be homozygous dominant or you might be heterozygous. You wouldn't be able to tell this just by looking at the phenotype or trait you have.

5.

Answer 2

Responsible breeders DON'T breed mutts. THIS is what a RESPONSIBLE breeder does: 1. Contact a breed club for your breed. Ask for a mentor. 2. STUDY the breed standard. Learn about dog anatomy and ask your mentor to clarify anything you don't understand. 3. Learn what genetic faults and diseases run in your breed and test for any that can be tested for. 4. Show your dog in conformation events to see if it is of the proper quality for breeding. Winning doesn't always mean a dog is breeding quality, but being around so many others that know your breed and will talk to you will do wonders for your self-education efforts! 5. Study the past history of great dogs in your breed. You will see how your breed has improved and progressed since the beginning of the breed. 6. Study the breed standard some more! ;-) 7. Join any Yahoo groups about your breed. 8. Live, dream and study your breed. 9. Get a good book on canine reproduction, and educate yourself about the pitfalls, problems, and proud moments of breeding. Learn about the physiology of reproduction, such as heat cycles and venereal diseases in dogs, potential for problems specific to your breed, and what you need to expect at whelping. 10. Remember that whelping (giving birth) can kill your female. Being used as a stud dog can encourage bad behaviors common in intact males such as territorial marking, aggression, and desire to roam from home. 11. Prepare to be broke. Breeding properly is EXPENSIVE. 12. Line up potential homes for any puppies you produce and write up a contract. Remember to include that you will be willing to take back your puppies at any time in their lives that they might need you. If you bring life into this world, it is your responsibility FOREVER. 13. Prepare to spend sleepless nights attending whelping females, caring for fading puppies or puppies orphaned, and practice cleaning up after 24/7 poop machines. I'm sure there are many things I missed because being a responsible breeder isn't just a job. It's a way of life. You will live dogs. 24/7/365. There are lots of hard decisions. There is a lot of expense. There will be pain. But, if you do your darndest to always keep the welfare of your dogs and the future of any of their offspring, you can go to step 14. 14. Enjoy the love and success of a job well done.

Answer 3

cool i didn't know that