How do you spell "sea-section" (obviously not the correct spelling)?

Question

It's when the doctor cuts the mother so that the baby does not come out naturally; the doctors pull the baby out. I just don't know how to spell the word.

Answer 1

Im going to be the Annoying person who copies directly from sources such as wikipedia...

C-Section...

Caesarean section
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A caesarean section (AE cesarean section), or c-section, is a form of childbirth in which a surgical incision is made through a mother's abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies. It is usually performed when a vaginal delivery would lead to medical complications, although it is increasingly common for births that would otherwise have been normal as well.

Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 Types
3 Indications
4 Risks
5 Prevalence
6 Elective caesarean sections
7 Anaesthesia
8 Vaginal births after caesarean
9 History
10 Caesareans in fiction
11 References
12 External links



[edit] Etymology
The modern name for the procedure (although not, perhaps, the procedure itself) derives from Julius Caesar, or, more precisely, from the ancient story (first attested in the first century A.D. by the Elder Pliny) that Caesar's mother delivered him thus.[1] The earliest attested usages of the English word in an obstetric context appear to date from the seventeenth century.[2]

In recent years some have objected to this etymology. It is argued that Caesar could not have been born by Caesarean section since we know from other sources that his mother survived his birth by many years—an extremely unlikely possibility in an era before sutures, anaesthetics, antisepsis, and antibiotics. An alternative etymology has therefore been proposed, from the Latin verb caedere (supine stem caesum), "to cut," in which case the term "caesarean section" is a simple tautology. Proponents of this view accordingly consider the traditional derivation to be a false etymology or an urban legend.

However useful on historico-medical grounds for the procedure itself, these objections sidestep or obscure the actual etymology of the modern term "Caesarean section." What matters is not the truth or falsity of Pliny's story but the linguistic context of the term's emergence. If the person (or persons) who pioneered or popularized the English adjective were thinking of Julius Caesar (and Pliny's story) when they used the word—as the early modern inventor(s) of the phrase almost certainly were—then the etymological link between "Caesar" and "Caesarean section" is neither urban legend nor false etymology. This is, in any case, preferable to relying on the extremely dubious derivation from caedo—a characteristically fanciful etymology originally proposed by Pliny himself for the origin of Caesar's name (not for the obstetric procedure).

Similar observations apply to other languages as well. The modern German Kaiserschnitt (literally: "Emperor's section"), for example, clearly presupposes "Caesar" rather than a learned Latin root.[3]


[edit] Types

A caesarean section in progress.There are several types of caesarean sections (CS):

The classical caesarean section involves a midline longitudinal incision which allows a larger space to deliver the baby. However, it is rarely performed today as it more prone to complications.
The lower uterine segment section is the procedure most commonly used today; it involves a transverse cut just above the edge of the bladder and results in less blood loss and is easier to repair.
An emergency caesarean section is a caesaren performed once labour has commenced.
A crash caesarean section is a caesarean performed in an obstetrical emergency.
A caesarean hysterectomy consists of a caesarean section followed by the removal of the uterus. This may be done in cases of intractable bleeding or when the placenta cannot be separated from the uterus.
Traditionally other forms of CS have been used, such as extraperitoneal CS or Porro CS.
a repeat caesarean section is done when a patient had a previous section. Typically it is performed through the old scar.
In many hospitals, especially in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand the mother's partner is encouraged to attend the surgery to support the mother and share the experience. The anaesthetist will usually lower the drape temporarily as the child is delivered so the parents can see their newborn.


[edit] Indications
Caesarean section is recommended when vaginal delivery might pose a risk to the mother or baby. Reasons for caesarean delivery include

prolonged labour or a failure to progress (dystocia)
apparent fetal distress
apparent maternal distress
complications (pre-eclampsia, active herpes)
catastrophes such as cord prolapse or uterine rupture
multiple births
abnormal presentation (breech or transverse positions)
failed induction of labour
failed instrumental delivery (by forceps or ventouse)
the baby is too large (macrosomia)
placental problems (placenta praevia, placental abruption or placenta accreta)
contracted pelvis
previous caesarean section (though this is controversial – see discussion below)
prior problems with the healing of the perineum (from previous childbirth or Crohn's Disease)
Note, however, that different providers may disagree about when a caesarean is required. For example, while one obstetrician may feel that a woman is too small to deliver her baby, another might well disagree. Similarly, some care providers may be much quicker to cite "failure to progress" than others. Disagreements like this help to explain why caesarean rates for some physicians and hospitals are much higher than are those for others. The medico-legal restrictions on vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC), have also increased the caesarean rate.

For religious, personal or other reasons, a mother may refuse to undergo caesarean section. In the United Kingdom, the law states that a woman in labour has the absolute right to refuse any medical treatment including caesarean section "for any reason or none", even if that decision may cause her own death, or that of her baby. Other countries have different laws.

As scheduled caesarean sections have become a rather safe operation, there has been a movement to perform caesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR). There is also a consumer-driven movement to support VBAC as an alternative for repeat caesareans in the face of increased medico-legal restrictions on vaginal birth.


[edit] Risks
Statistics from the 1990s suggest that less than one woman in 2,500 who has a caesarean section will die, compared to a rate of one in 10,000 for a vaginal delivery.[4] However the mortality rate for both continues to drop steadily. The UK National Health Service gives the risk of death for the mother as three times that of a vaginal birth.[5] However, it is not possible to directly compare the mortality rates of vaginal and caesarean deliveries as women having the surgery are often those who were at a higher risk anyway.

A study published in the June 2006 issue of the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology found that women who had multiple caesarian sections were more likely to have problems with later pregnancies, and recommended that women who want larger families should not seek caesarian section as an elective. The risk of placenta accreta, a potentially life-threatening condition, is 0.13% after two c-sections, and increases to 2.13% after four and then to 6.74% after six or more surgeries. Along with this is a similar rise in the risk of emergency hysterectomies at delivery. The findings were based on outcomes from 30,132 cesarean deliveries.[6] (see also review by WebMD.com)

Babies born by caesarean sometimes have some initial trouble breathing. In addition, because the baby may be drowsy from the pain medication administered to the mother, and because the mother's mobility is reduced, breastfeeding may be difficult.

A caesarean section is a major operation, with all that it entails, including the risk of post-operative adhesions. Pain at the incision can be intense, and full recovery of mobility can take several weeks or more. A prior caesarean section increases the risk of uterine rupture during subsequent labour.

If a CS is performed under emergency situations, the risk of the surgery may be increased due to a number of factors. The patient's stomach may not be empty, increasing the anesthesia risk.[7] Obstetrical hemorrhage may lead to anemia or to a clotting disorder.


[edit] Prevalence
The World Health Organisation estimates that the rate of caesarean sections at between 10% and 15% of all births in developed countries. In 2004, the caesarean rate was about 20% in the United Kingdom. In 2005 the cesarean rate was 30.2% in the United States.[8] During 2001–2002, the Canadian caesarean section rate was 22.5%.[9] In the United States the cesarean rate has risen 46% since 1996.[8]

Studies have shown that continuity of care with a known carer may significantly decrease the rate of caesarean delivery[10] but that there is also some older research that appears to show that there is no significant difference in caesarean rates when comparing midwife continuity care to conventional fragmented care.[11]


[edit] Elective caesarean sections
Concerns have been raised in recent years that caesarean section is frequently performed for reasons other than medical necessity. Critics worry that caesareans are performed because they are profitable for the hospital, or because a quick caesarean is more convenient for an obstetrician than a lengthy vaginal birth, or because it is easier to perform surgery at 7 a.m. than to respond to nature's schedule and deliver a baby at 3 a.m:[12] for unknown reasons, naturally-occurring labor seems to occur most often between midnight and dawn. Another contributing factor may be fear of medical malpractice lawsuits. For example, the failure to perform a caesarean section became the core of numerous lawsuits against obstetricians over incidents of cerebral palsy. [citation needed] Medico-legal restrictions on VBAC (vaginal birth after caesarean) are also driving the caesarean rate.[citation needed]

Studies of US women have indicated that married white women giving birth in private hospitals are more likely to have a caesarean section than poorer women even though they are less likely to have complications that may lead to a caesarian section being required. The women in these studies have indicated that their preference for caesarian section is more likely to be partly due to considerations of pain and vaginal tone.[13] The term "too posh to push" has been coined by the entertainment media regarding those rich and/or famous women who choose to avoid natural childbirth for allegedly selfish reasons, including most recently Angelina Jolie[14] and Britney Spears.[15] A recent study in the British Medical Journal retrospectively analysed a large number of caesarean sections and stratified them by social class. Their finding was that caesarean sections are not more likely in women of higher social class than in women in other classes.[16] While such 'vanity' caesareans do occur, the prevalence of them does not appear to be statistically significant, while a much larger number of women wanting to have a vaginal birth find that the lack of support and medico-legal restrictions led to their caesarean.[citation needed]


[edit] Anaesthesia
The mother usually receives regional anaesthesia (spinal or epidural), allowing her to remain awake for the delivery and avoiding sedation of the infant.

In current practice, general anaesthesia for caesarean section is becoming less common as scientific research has now clearly established the benefits of regional anaesthesia for both the mother and baby. General anaesthesia tends to be reserved for high-risk cases or emergencies. The risks of general anaesthesia for mother and baby are still extremely small overall.

Anaesthetic care is not limited to the operation itself. There seems to be a link between the use of anaesthesia during labour and birth, as a form of pain relief for women planning a vaginal birth, and caesareans. Recent medical research concluded that epidural anaesthesia did not lead to labour failure leading to a caesarean, but medical practice is to use labour induction drugs after anaesthesia is applied to counteract the obvious sedative effect that causes labours to slow down or often stop.


[edit] Vaginal births after caesarean
Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is not uncommon today. The medical practice until the late 1970s was "once a caesarean, always a caesarean" but a consumer-driven movement supporting VBAC changed the medical practice. Rates of VBAC in the 80s and early 90s soared, but more recently the rates of VBAC have dramatically dropped due to medico-legal restrictions.

In the past, caesarean sections used a vertical incision which cut the uterine muscle fibers. Modern caesareans typically involve a horizontal incision along the muscle fibers. The uterus then better maintains its integrity and can tolerate the strong contractions of future childbirth. Cosmetically the scar for modern caesareans is below the "bikini line."

Obstetricians and other caregivers differ on the relative merits of vaginal and caesarean birth following a caesarean birth. Some still recommend a caesarean routinely, others do not; still others respect the wishes of the expectant mother.

Twenty years of medical research on VBAC support a woman's choice to have a vaginal birth after caesarean. Because the consequences of cesareans include a higher chance of re-hospitalization after birth, infertility, and uterine rupture in the next birth, preventing the first caesarean remains the priority. For women with one or more previous caesareans, as an alternative to major abdominal surgery, VBAC remains a safer option.[17]


[edit] History

Successful caesarean section performed by indigenous healers in Kahura, Uganda. As observed by R. W. Felkin in 1879.Although most believe that Caesar himself was born by c-section, that is not the case. The Ancient Roman c-section was first performed to remove a baby from the womb of a mother who died during childbirth. Caesar's mother, Aurelia, lived through childbirth and successfully gave birth to her son, therefore ruling out the possibility that the dictator was a c-section baby. (In fact, she lived long enough to bury him 55 years later.) It should be noted that Maimonides, the famous rabbi, philosopher, and doctor, says that it was known in ancient Rome how to perform a c-section without killing the mother, but that the medical knowledge of his day was lacking and it wasn't performed. Thus it would seem that, according to what Maimonides knew, c-sections weren't performed solely on dying women, but also on mothers who would live after the birth of their child.

The Catalan saint, Raymond Nonnatus (1204-1240), received his surname — from the Latin non natus ("not born") — because he was born by C-section. His mother died while giving birth to him.[18]

In 1316 the future Robert II of Scotland was delivered by caesarean section — his mother, Marjorie Bruce, died. This may have been the inspiration for Macduff in Shakespeare's play Macbeth". (see below).

Caesarian section sacrificed the mother for the sake of the child; the first recorded incidence of a woman surviving a caesarean section was in 1500, in Siegershausen, Switzerland: Jacob Nufer, a pig gelder, is supposed to have performed the operation on his wife after a prolonged labour. For most of the time since the sixteenth century, the procedure had a high mortality. In Great Britain and Ireland the mortality in 1865 was 85%. Key steps in reducing mortality were:

Adherence to principles of asepsis.
The introduction of uterine suturing by Max Sänger in 1882.
Extraperitoneal CS and then moving to low transverse incision (Krö***, 1912).
Anesthesia advances.
Blood transfusion.
Antibiotics.
European travelers in the Great Lakes region of Africa during the 19th century observed caeserean sections being performed on a regular basis. The expectant mother was normally anesthetized with alcohol and herbal mixtures were used to encourage healing. From the well-developed nature of the procedures employed, European observers concluded that they had been employed for some time.

On March 5, 2000, Inés Ramírez performed a caesarean section on herself and survived, as did her son, Orlando Ruiz Ramírez. She is believed to be the only woman to have performed a successful caesarean section on herself.


[edit] Caesareans in fiction
The first caesarean section according to mythology was performed by Apollo on his lover Coronis when he delivered Asklepios.

In Persian mythology, Rudaba's labour of Rostam was prolonged due to the extraordinary size of her baby. Zal, her lover and husband, was certain that his wife would die in labour. Rudaba was near death when Zal decided to summon the Simurgh. The Simurgh appeared and instructed him upon how to perform a cesarean section, thus saving Rudaba and the child, who later on became one of the greatest Persian heroes.

A caesarean section appears in Shakespeare's play Macbeth. Macbeth hears a prophecy that "none of woman born shall harm Macbeth," an impossibility, but later finds out that MacDuff was "from his mother's womb untimely ripp'd," the product of a caesarean section birth (not unlike Robert II of Scotland).

The stillborn child of character Catherine Barkley is delivered by caesarean section in the Hemingway novel A Farewell to Arms.

In the video game Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, a main character called 'The Boss' exposes a c-section scar to Naked Snake (The player's character). The scar is possibly from a blundered procedure and runs from the abdomen to the breasts, and is in the shape of a snake.

In Alexandra Ripley's "Scarlett", the main character, Scarlett O'Hara, suffers a cesarean section perfomed by a so-called "medicine woman". She almost miraculously recovers after giving birth to a girl.

Answer 2

How Do You Spell Obviously

Answer 3

1

Answer 4

C-section, which stands for Cesarean Section

Answer 5

That would be a C-section where the C stands for Cesarean.

Answer 6

C-section.
It is an abbreviation for "Ceasarian Section"

Answer 7

That is C-Section, as in Caesarian.

Answer 8

caesarian section

Answer 9

'C' as in Ceasar.
Word has it, that's how Ceasar was born.