Nathan Hale
For the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment colonel, see Nathan Hale (colonel).
For the U.S. Congressman, see Nathan W. Hale.
Nathan Hale, by Frederick MacMonnies, 1893, City Hall Park, New YorkNathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Hale is best remembered for his "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country" speech before being hanged following the Battle of Long Island after being caught by the British.
Widely considered America's first spy,[1] he volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission and was caught and executed. Hale has long been considered an American hero and, in 1985, he was officially designated the State Hero of Connecticut.[2]
Background
Hale was born in Coventry, Connecticut. In 1769, when he was fourteen years old, he was sent with his brother Enoch to Yale College. He became very close to Benjamin Tallmadge, a fellow student who would later head Washington's intelligence service. The Hale brothers belonged to the Yale literary fraternity, Linonia, which debated topics in astronomy, mathematics, literature, and the ethics of slavery. Graduating with first-class honors in 1773, Nathan became a teacher, first in East Haddam and later in New London. After the Revolutionary War began in 1775, he joined a Connecticut militia and was elected first sergeant.
22 September 1776: Nathan Hale at the gallows.When his militia unit participated in the Siege of Boston, Hale remained behind, but, on July 6, 1775, he joined the regular Continental Army's 7th Connecticut Regiment under Colonel Charles Webb of Stamford. He was promoted to captain and in March 1776, commanded a small unit of Lt. Col. Thomas Knowlton's Rangers defending New York City. They managed to rescue a ship full of provisions from the guard of a British man-of-war.
[edit] Espionage
Nathan Hale appeared on US postage stamps issued in 1925 and 1929. Likeness is from statue by Bela Lyon Pratt.During the Battle of Long Island in August and September 1776, which led to the British capture of New York City, via a flanking move from Staten Island across Long Island, Hale volunteered to go behind enemy lines to report on British troop movements.
Sometime in September, he landed on the north shore of Long Island at what is now called Halesite, New York, on Huntington Bay.
He disguised himself as a Dutch schoolteacher, carrying his Yale diploma to prove his credentials.
During his mission, New York City (then the area at the southern tip of Manhattan around Wall Street) fell to British forces and Washington was forced to retreat to the island's northern tip in Harlem Heights (what is now Morningside Heights). On September 21, a quarter of the lower portion of Manhattan burned in the Great New York Fire of 1776. The fire was later widely thought to have been started by American saboteurs to keep the city from falling into British hands, though Washington and Congress had already rejected this idea. It has also been speculated that the fire was the work of British soldiers (possibly drunk) acting without orders, intending to punish and/or intimidate any remaining Patriots in the city -- with unintended consequences, however. In the fire's aftermath, more than 200 American partisans were rounded up by the British.
An account of Nathan Hale's capture was written by Consider Tiffany, a Connecticut shopkeeper and Loyalist, and obtained by the Library of Congress. In Tiffany's account, Major Robert Rogers of the Queens Rangers met Hale in a tavern and saw through his disguise. After luring Hale into betraying himself by pretending to be a patriot himself, Rogers and his Rangers apprehended Hale near Flushing Bay, in Queens, New York.
British General William Howe had his headquarters in a manor house (called the Beekman Mansion) in a rural part of Manhattan, at what is now 51st Street and First Avenue (Manhattan). Hale reportedly was questioned by Howe and physical evidence was found on him. Rogers provided information about the case. According to tradition, Hale spent the night in a greenhouse at the mansion and then was marched along Post Road to the Park of Artillery, which was next to a public house called the Dove Tavern (at modern day 66th Street and Third Avenue (Manhattan)), and hanged.
[1] [2] [3][4]
[edit] The speech
A statue of Nathan Hale by Bela Lyon Pratt outside the Tribune Tower in Chicago.By all accounts, Hale comported himself eloquently before the hanging. But it is not clear if he specifically uttered the famous line:
"I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."
The story of Hale's famous speech began with John Montresor, a British soldier who witnessed the hanging. Soon after the execution, Montresor spoke with American officer William Hull about Hale's death. Later, it was Hull who widely publicized Hale's use of the phrase. Because Hull was not an eyewitness to Hale's speech, some historians have questioned the reliability of the account. ([5])
If Hale did give the famous speech, it is most likely he was actually repeating a passage from Joseph Addison's play, Cato, an ideological inspiration to many Whigs:
How beautiful is death, when earn'd by virtue!
Who would not be that youth? What pity is it
That we can die but once to serve our country.
No official records were kept of Hale's speech. However, Robert MacKensie, a British officer, wrote this diary entry for the day:
He behaved with great composure and resolution, saying he thought it the duty of every good Officer, to obey any orders given him by his Commander-in-Chief; and desired the Spectators to be at all times prepared to meet death in whatever shape it might appear.
It is almost certain that Nathan Hale's last speech contained more than one sentence. Several early accounts mention different things he said. These are not necessarily contradictory; rather, together they give us an idea of what the speech must have been like. The following quotes are all taken from George Dudley Seymour's "Documentary Life of Nathan Hale", published in 1941 by the author.
From the diary entry of September 22, 1776, of Lieutenant Frederick MacKenzie, British officer: "He behaved with great composure and resolution, saying he thought it the duty of every good Officer, to obey any orders given him by his Commander-in-Chief; and desired the Spectators to be at all times prepared to meet death in whatever shape it might appear."
From the diary of Enoch Hale, Nathan's brother, after he went to question people who had been present, October 26, 1776: "When at the Gallows he spoke & told them that he was a Capt in the Cont Army by name Nathan Hale."
From the Essex Journal, February 13, 1777: "However, at the gallows, he made a sensible and spirited speech; among other things, told them they were shedding the blood of the innocent, and that if he had ten thousand lives, he would lay them all down, if called to it, in defence of his injured, bleeding Country."
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2007-02-06 12:52:37
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answer #1
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answered by melissa 6
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(1755–76), hero of the American Revolution, born in Coventry, Conn., and educated at Yale College (now Yale University). He taught school from 1773 until shortly after the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1775, when he became a lieutenant in the Continental army. The following year he was promoted to captain. While stationed near New York City under the command of the American officer Maj. Thomas Knowlton (1740–76), Hale volunteered, in early September 1776, to perform spy duty behind the British lines on Long Island. Disguised as a schoolmaster, he secured vital military information, but on September 21, before he could return to safe territory, he was captured. The next morning he was hanged in New York City by the British as a spy. His last words are supposed to have been: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
Tobias and Ashley
2007-02-14 08:51:31
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answer #2
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answered by Woody 2
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