How does DNA structure promote protein synthesis, including transcription and translation?

Answer 1

eugenious got some things wrong.

dna's hydrogen bonds are easily split to allow transcription into mrna. the dna is a template for mrna. single stranded binding proteins along with others hold it apart while this occurs. that mrna then is translated into a protein.

Answer 2

As far as I know DNA structure does not promote protein synthesis directly as they are in separate places in the cells. As for indirect effects that is an excellent question, and hits right at the core of likely the most actively studied field in biology today and one of the most fascinating and difficult to study. The smallest unit of chromosomal structure, the nucleosome, is essentially DNA wrapped tightly around proteins called histones. Histones and to a much lesser and restricted extent DNA can be modified (histones: acetylation, methylation, phosphorylations, ubiquitination etc., DNA: methylation) to either promote or inhibit transcription from occurring. This is done by various enzymes that will bind to the histone:DNA complex and read its modifications kinda like a code (The Histone Code hypothesis if your interested). What happens is that the enzymes modify or read the "code" to either bring the histone:DNA complex closer together making the DNA inaccessible to RNA polymerase and the various transcription and initiation factors required for transcription or if properly modified (ex. acetylation) the histone themselves will push themselves apart due to unfavorable electrostatic interactions and the like making the DNA at least accessible. This is how DNA structure can effect protein synthesis indirectly, via altering transcription. This is a terribly simplified view, but anyways as far as I know DNA structure cannot affect protein synthesis directly, only direct affects on transcription.

Answer 3

....You can read all what anser 1 said, or jsut go with the easier way

The DNA sturcture is a template, its structure allows it to unwind with it need to replicate, with single stranged protiens holing the DAN at replication forks. Therefore it is easier to systhesis DNA