in a connectionless packet network , flow control and error detection are provided by what?

Answer 1

Well, currently they're provided by the transport layer, but that's just an artifact of the current architecture.

Answer 2

Circuit switched is type of a legacy telephone community, once you %. up your telephone and talk to someone, there is bandwidth reserved out of your telephone to their telephone, even if it truly is a dedicated pair of wires, or a time fit in a TDM provider equipment. i favor to imagine of circuit switched as connection depending. Packet switched means there is no reserved bandwidth or connections between both pcs that are conversing. some packet networks do reserve some bandwidth, yet when the community is designed proper then the hyperlinks will be over subscribed so as that the really bandwidth isn't exceeded, yet so as that on accepted the utilization of the hyperlink is as a lot as 75 or 80 % on a hectic day. Packet switched networks may be connection orientated or connectionless. An party of both, is X.25. Connection orientated, which means each and every swap sporting site visitors between both conversing pcs has knowledge of the relationship. This change into the way that many distributors of X.25 kit created their networks, even as a connection change into common it change into both manually created as an enduring digital Circuit (%) or devoid of delay as a Switched digital Circuit (SVC), notwithstanding the direction for each hyperlink between the pcs change into set up in each and every swap and remembered with assistance from each and every swap. So each and every packet travels an identical direction between source and vacation spot. Connectionless means that each and every packet travels the acceptable direction as determined with assistance from each and every swap because the packet arrives on the swap. there change right into a minimum of one supplier of X.25 kit that did not really use percents yet used SPVCs, the s is both switched, tender, smart or semi-everlasting. SVCs were dealt with an identical way. So each and every packet ought to commute a countless direction from the source to vacation spot, and there had to be a procedure to make constructive that the packets are despatched to the vacation spot contained in the acceptable order. the web's information superhighway Protocol is a connectionless protocol.