•After 1929 Economic Crise:
1.decrease of World trade
2.customs price list started tobe applied. But, capitalism does not mean this
3.USSR was growthing, was Establishing heavy industry, iron-steel production was increased. This means that capitalism was losing its legitimacy and could not renew itself
•Eric Hobsbawm, Ch.3: “the World economy breakdown between the wars. Capitalist economy collapse. Nobody knew how it might recover. The globalisation of the capitalist economy had stopped advancing in the inter-war years. Each state did its best to protect its economy against threats from outside. Although, both businessmen and governments had expected the World economy would return to happy days before 1914, but, liberal economy did not return. Private saving disappeared. Local middle and lower – middle classes in central Europe were ready for fascism. German economy was affected when the American economy breakdown after 1929. USA was not only industrial producer, it was also the greatest creditor. Because of Versailles peace conference, Germany had to barrow credit from USA. But, when Great Slump was occured, the USA stopped to credit for Germany. Therefore, under the this pressure, Fascism was fulfilled. According to Keynes, one of the reasons of the II World War, was that Germany went in economic crises, because there was higher enflation. So, German middle class clopsed. There were no solution within the framework of old liberal economy. At that time when World trade fell by 60 percent in four years, statesa began high barries to protect their national markets. But liberal economy means multilateral trade. As aresult Great Slump destroyed economic liberalism for half a century. Although, Great Slump effected liberal Western Capitalism, the Soviet Union had ultra rapid industrilisation under its new five year plans. Its manufactured products increased 18 percent in 1938. but, France, Britain and USA fell from 59 percent to 52 percent. In Soviet Union, there was no unemployment”
•So, most of the middle class started to think about planning economy. Because of this, popularity of Soviet Union was increased and entered international politics
•Afrer the World War I, there were three types of authoriterian tendercy;
1.Coup detats
2.Organic Statism: Conservative state view. For example; Atatürk,There was no mass in speech
3.Fascism : it had big mass support, aggressive ideology. It is an anti democratic, anti capitalist, anti socialist system
F.D Roosevelt + Churchill + Stalin
•Roosevelt applied new economic policy, called new deal, introduced new solution for capitalism. Although, USA wanted to far away from war, in 1941, Pear Harbor and Hitler’s decleration of war, USA joined the II World War
•Churchill , Stalin and Roosevelt had to close each other. Because, policy of Appeasement was break-down. Hitler did not want to keep itself in balance of power. Indeed, if Germany was not forced to pay conpensation, Nasizim would not be powerful. As a result, they had to protect their democracy from Fascism and Appeasement policy was abolished because of real politics. After the their conversation;
1.Britain had to give up its colonies
2.the new order should be establish and this new order would manage by the United States
3.the Soviet Unon entered international politics. Most of capitalist countries had to relation it by the end of the WWII
As a result; WWII was “ good fight” against Fascism or authoriterian regime. Also, it brought human rights, democracy and women liberations
Spanish Civil War
•within the limits of its impact over other countries. Spanish civil war was lasted 1936-39. Although, it was internal event in Spain in a short time, it gained international character
•Spanish Civil War was the trial for WWII. There were civil war among socialist, anarchist, fascist and republican which took long times. Republican was supported by Soviet Union. Japan was anti fascist, against General Franco. In this war, many people died and imigrated.
•Francisco Franco found himself the leader of new regime. He was supported by Nazis Germany and Italy
•Russia sent men and materials to support Republic during the 1936. but, non-intervention agreement between Britain and France, refused to do enything for Spain. So, USSR was only power which helped the legitimate government in Spain. But, Spanish civil war was finished by the victory of Franco. Franco also was supported by Catholic church who were against the republic. Because, under that regime they lost their power, composed Catholic church, industrialist and landowner
3rd World Countries- Decolonization movements
•Nationalism firstly came from West. But, nationalist movements were increased in coloniest countries. They hated to Belgium, Holland, Britain, France and United States which was sembolises emperialism. For this reason, they used socialist thought for independence. Indeed, industrilization could be established by planning economy. For example, in Egypt, in 1928, Hasan El-Banna who was socialist, established Müslüman Kardeşler Party. In 1940 Baas party was established by two teacher who were educated in Paris
•If we analyze these socities;
1.these independent movements were not religious war. They wanted establish their independent state
2.leaders of these movement were educated in West
3.societies were based on traditional conservative structure who were not close elitist, Western leaders. Therefore, elitist had to pay their respect to universal popular feelings and beliefs in order to mobilize them. Because, there were allways possible radical opposite movements
4.new- national countries created national bourgeoisie for stable economy
2007-02-05 04:49:27
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answer #1
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answered by Cap10kirk 3
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2016-11-02 07:30:20
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answer #2
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answered by gilbert 4
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