What is the significance of protein synthesis to Evolution?

Answer 1

This is a very general question, but I think that the most significant impact that protein synthesis had on evolution is that it provided a means of genetic transmission from parent organism to offspring, because proteins are synthesized from RNA templates, which is transmissible genetic material. Proteins are essentially the most basic functional components of life, and some method of genetic transmission is necessary such that every organism would not be required to develop protein synthesis de novo, as well as conferring adaptationally-beneficial abilities to progeny offspring.