In digital transmission, errors occur in the data packets, but how to find the errors were intentionally done?

Question

for example: the contents of a packet (bits) may change from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 during transmission, but how to find whether the changes were not natural but intentionally done by some cracker etc.

Answer 1

You'd have to be AT&T or the NSA to do what you want, but I'm not really sure you need to do that anyway. (In theory they could capture data before and after it went through a given router, and compare)

What would someone gain by capturing packets headed to your site and flipping bits? They'd have to go through quite a bit of trouble to get 'in between' you and the client sending traffic to you.

It would be a lot easier to send you bad packets directly or through a proxy. Flipping random bits on TCP packets won't get you much, unless they're flipping the right ones (ACK, SYN, etc). Tools like hping can send all kinds of crazy packets. This is more likely what you're seeing.

I think there's an IPv4 checksum in the packet, so if that doesn't compute correctly (ethereral will tell you), somebody may be hitting your side with weird packets to test your firewall(s).

Also check out snort, it is a free Intrusion Detection System (IDS), meaning it will monitor traffic for you and tell you when somebody's doing a portscan (or worse) on your site.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

there are no way of knowing TCP is connection oriented, UDP is connectionless...so depending on what hit you on your firewall or router that would let you know where you are and who did what. A lot of things float on the internet...bounce therefore there is sometimes no definitive source..