How does a quasar hold such tremendous energy in it?

Question

In what form is energy stored in a quasar -- mass, chemical, etc.?
What triggers of the emission of energy by quasars? Is it true that quasars are powered by accretion of material onto supermassive black holes in the nuclei of distant galaxies? If true, then how? Any mathematical explanation, plz....

Answer 1

Since quasars exhibit properties common to all active galaxies, many scientists have compared the emissions from quasars to those of small active galaxies due to their similarity. The best explanation for quasars is that they are powered by supermassive black holes. To create a luminosity of 1040 W (the typical brightness of a quasar), a super-massive black hole would have to consume the material equivalent of 10 stars per year. The brightest known quasars are thought to devour 1000 solar masses of material every year. Quasars are thought to 'turn on' and off depending on their surroundings. One implication is that a quasar would not, for example, continue to feed at that rate for 10 billion years, which nicely explains why there are no nearby quasars. In this framework, after a quasar finishes eating up gas and dust, it becomes an ordinary galaxy.

Answer 2

More than 1053 J of energy are released in quasars over their approximately 106-year lifetime. Of the known energy sources, only gravitational potential energy associated with a mass about 109 times the mass of the Sun can provide this energy, but it is unknown how this gravitational energy produces jets of particles that are accelerated to very near the speed of light.

Several theories have been proposed for quasars. However, the most favored interpretation is that quasars are massive black holes surrounded by rapidly spinning disks of gas in the nuclei of some galaxies. The hot gas in the disk emits the x-ray and optical continuum, a heated halo around the disk produces the emission lines, and the relativistic radio jets are ejected along the rotation axis of the spinning disk..

Answer 3

Quasars, were the big puzzle in the astro­nomy in early and middle sixties. The quasars look like the stars but they have red shifts like those of galaxies. So it happens that they should be first identified because of their powerful radio noise. But there are many radio quiet quasars also. If we apply the cosmological interpretation of red shifts and apply the "Hubble's Law" to determine their distance from us, many quasars are then at the distance of the galaxies. But many more quasars have such a large red shift that they are further and further away then our obser­vable Universe and galaxies. They are at the edge and beyond the edge of the Universe, if we consider the Universe a closed and curved Universe instead of a flat Universe. Now, the distance of too far objects in the expanding Universe are measured by their large red shift (Z). There are now at least six quasars (6) known with red shifts greater then 4. Although the number of known quasars are increasing rapidly day by day, the highest red shift for several years were not much above 2 and up to 1983 more then 15000 quasars were found who had red shift value (Z) above 2. All these red shifts are due to radio loud quasars. But many quasars are radio quiet and they have red shift (Z) value above 4. They are detected by broad band color e Slit less spectroscopy technique. These high red shift radio quiet quarters are relatively luminous. They are as follows;

Quarsers Z (red shift) 3Quarsers Z (red shift)

0000-263 4. 11

0046-293 4.01 -

091O ~ 1516 4.04 2203 + 292 4.40

0.101-304 4.07 005 1- 279 4.43



It has been also known that two classes of radio loud extragalactic objects i.e. narrow line radio galaxies and quarsers are intrinsically similar. Steep spectrum (radio lobed domi­nated) quarsers and high luminosity radio galaxies are two classes of extra galactic objects with radio structure that is often strikingly similar to one another. Core domi­nated quarsers are consisting of bright core surrounded by a familiar nebulas. They are situated in narrow line radio galaxies.
Now, as we told previously, quarsers are at the edge and beyond the edge of the Universe. As the light travels at a finite speed, the picture we see of distant objects a large red shift (Z) in a very old one and if we see the largest red shift, we will be looking so far in back, that we will see the "Big Bang" will itself, viewed at different times, different directions, like the multiple images in a hall of plenty mirrors. So quarsers might be the multiple images of the" Big Bang"! Or just only a short time after the "Big Bang"!.
The Question that always strike the present authors and also pro­bably to many others is that "If it is so that the quarsers are cosmological and almost short time after the "Big Bang"! Then how it could be so bright in the telescope?" Because to be bright enough, more then galaxies, it must have to radiate more and more energy then that a large galaxy radiates. Some cosmologists believe that quarsers are not at all cosmological. They are "blue stars" in or near the galaxies. They have been probably shot out from the center of the galaxy in some sort of vast explosion, which has sent the quar­sers hurtling away at the speed of light to the edge or beyond the edge of the Universe. Then a question automatically strikes me! "Where from the energy of such vast explosion came to the center of the galaxies ?"
The first quarsers were discovered in 1960s and was nomenclatured as 3C-48, as a fairly faint stars with strong U. V. radiation. In 1963 another quarsers were discovered. Then up to 1983 more than 15,000 quarsers were dis­covered. Regarding the origin of the quarsers many theories are there. Some says that they are thrown out from the center part of the galaxy at a relativistic speed, as the quarsers are found mostly aligned in the line of the galaxies. "M87" is a famous radio galaxy. It has several very small objects, which are considered to be ejected from the center of it's galaxy. There is a neighboring quarsers 3C 272-1 which are also associated with galaxy M84. Some people however say that quarsers are closely related to the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN). However the most important theory is that "Coherent plasma clouds are ejected from the radiogalaxy andresulted quarsers". This theory is based on Dr. Y.P. Varshni of Univer­sity of Ottawa. He observed the quarsers spectrum, where he found that the same elements are present in the quarsers object, in much the same proportion as the elements are detected in the light from ordinary stars of radio galaxy. The only difference is that the spectral line in quarsers shifted to red. ( -) So the scientists thought that the quarsers are plasma material, shot out from the center of the galaxy or the stars where the atmosphere is violently activ
Adopted from
"OUR UNIVERSE STARTED IN A BIG BANG GOSPEL OR JUST BE?"
Authors: Mr. Rupak Bhattacharya, Bsc (Cal) MSc. (JU), 7/51 Purbapalli, P.O Sodepur, Dist. 24 Parganas (North), West Bengal, India, Pin 743178.

Mr. Ritwik Bhattacharya , B.Com (Cal), 7/51 purbapalli, Po= Sodepur, Dist 24 parganas , (North) West Bengal, India, Pin 743178
Dr. Pranab Kumar Bhattacharya, Professor, Dept. of Pathology, IPGME&R, 244A AJC Bose Road, Kol-7000020, India. Pin 700020
Published in WWW.unipathos.com Under Strict IPR Copy Right of Authors(see Privacy policy of www.unipathos.com)

Answer 4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar

Here is some information. There is a very interesting theory in there about a quasar being powered by black holes and being able to turn on and off.

Answer 5

you have defined Al Gore. Reject the potential guzzling mansion and preaching. The earth has sessions of heat temperature and chilly over hundreds of years, so any organic phenomenon should not be preached against and a modest abode might use much less potential.

Answer 6

becuse of his nature power & god gift with born