what are the colonail reactions to the tax acts explained in detail?

Answer 1

Noting the progress British subjects had made in espousing and recording their rights, their cousins in the American colonies were also quick to claim these rights as their own. But, like their British counterparts, they met with only limited success in realizing the full benefits of such efforts. As had been seen many times before, the British government felt no compulsion to recognize any description of citizens' rights.

Perhaps the first attempt to gain some distance -­- and autonomy -- from the British monarchy came in 1754, when a conference was held to discuss a confederation of all of Britain's North American colonies. One of the delegates from the colony of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin, proposed a plan -- informally called the Albany Plan -- which provided for a union of the colonies on matters of defense and other common interests.

Under this plan, the colonies would be governed by a council of 48 members chosen on a proportional basis by each of the colonial assemblies. The unified government would have the power to regulate Indian affairs, provide for the common defense, levy taxes and make new settlements in the name of the king.

This plan was rejected by both the colonial assemblies and the English Lords of Trade -- but for different reasons. On the one hand, the colonial leaders felt this plan left too much unsaid, assuming British control. On the other hand, the British claimed the proposal placed too much control outside of the government.

The growing spirit of independence next asserted itself in the colonial reaction to the Stamp Act of 1765, Britain imposing the tax on the colonies as a way of alleviating the tax burden on British citizens, who were drained by the just-concluded Seven Year's War with France.

Colonial reaction to this tax was swift and sure. Delegates from nine colonies convened a congress in New York City to protest the imposition of the tax, passing fourteen resolutions condemning it as a violation of their rights as British subjects. The most important of these were resolutions proclaiming the colonists' entitlement to all the "inherent rights and privileges" of British subjects, and condemning taxation imposed without the colonists' consent.

Despite this stand, colonial efforts to escape the choking hold of the Crown met with little success. Britain continued to add a series of tax burdens onto the colonists' already overloaded shoulders. This did not, however, discourage the colonists from continued protests.

The most famous such protest occurred on the night of December 16, 1773, when a group of colonists, disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded British ships anchored in Boston Harbor. Angered at a tax on tea which Britain had just imposed, the colonists dumped the ship's tea cargoes into the water. With this act, the headlong rush toward American independence may have passed the point of no return.

In reaction to the Boston Tea Party, the British government heaped a series of punishments upon the colonies, particularly Massachusetts. The port of Boston was closed and self-government in the colonies sharply curtained.

These actions, later to be widely known as "The Intolerable Acts," did much to galvanize colonial opinion. The other colonies rushed to provide assistance to Massachusetts, which had been most heavily penalized by the English. Most importantly, the British actions led to a meeting of the First Continental Congress, which convened in Philadelphia in September, 1774. Twelve of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this meeting, which was soon torn by disagreements as to exactly what degree of autonomy -- if any -- was desirable for the colonies.

Regardless of these differences, the delegates unanimously approved the Suffolk County Reserves, a document presented by the Massachusetts delegates. The document again asserted a belief in basic rights for the colonists, declaring "The Intolerable Acts" to be "gross infractions of those rights to which we are justly entitled by the laws of nature, the British Constitution, and the charter of the province."

In the months that followed, attempts to pass more moderate proposals seeking reconciliation with the Crown were made, but Congress failed -- often by narrow margins -- to approve any of them.

The First Continental Congress wrapped up its work with a petition to King George III outlining plans for a ban on imports, exports and commercial ties with Britain until the rights of the American colonists were guaranteed by the government.

By May, 1775, when the Second Continental Congress convened, the colonies were already at war with Britain. The battles of Lexington and Concord had taken place just the month before, and the Congress, while having no actual authority, took up the cause of raising arms and maintaining the military struggle. Despite their individual constitutions, the colonies all supported these actions in the face of common adversity.

Like its predecessor, the Second Continental Congress was strife-ridden, the result of conflicts between those who wished some form of reconciliation with the British and those who sought complete self-autonomy. One plan which, on its face, seemed to satisfy both groups was proposed by Benjamin Franklin. His "Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union" would create a "United Colonies of North America." This union would remain independent until colonial terms for reconciliation with the British were met.

While this plan seemed to walk a middle ground between the two lines of thought prevalent at the meeting, the reconciliation terms were set so high that realists -- including Franklin probably knew they would never be met by the Crown. In the end, Congress failed to take any action on Franklin's proposal.

As 1775 gave way to 1776, sentiment in favor of independence began to dominate in Congress. Finally, on June 7, 1776, a delegate from the colony of Virginia, Richard Henry Lee, rose in Congress to move for independence from Great Britain.

Soon thereafter, Congress -- anticipating an affirmative vote on the question of independence -- ­appointed a five-member committee to begin drafting a statement of independence. Thus, Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and two other delegates began work on what was to become the Declaration of Independence, a document forever declaring the independence of the colonies and enumerating a belief in the inherent rights of all citizens.

The vote in favor of Independence came on July 2, 1776, and the adoption of the Declaration of Independence two days later. But neither of these acts put an end to the colonial struggle. The Revolutionary War raged on until 1782, when the British, stunned by the defeat of Cornwallis at Yorktown and weary from yet another overseas squabble, retreated in disarray. The final peace treaty was signed the following year.

It had been a long and miraculous journey from beleaguered colonies to independent nation, a journey undertaken only at a heavy toll. But with independence came a new set of crises stemming from questions on basic issues, many of which would only be answered as part of a still longer journey toward the creation of the U.S. Constitution.
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Does this help?

Answer 2

Your question is not specific as to location of the colonies nor the time of the tax acts.

I assume, however, that you are talking about the American Colonies and the Stamp Act and the tax imposed on tea by the British government after the end of the French and Indian War (called the Seven Years' War in Europe).

As anywhere, the reactions to the taxes varied. Some went along with it, but others reacted in a violent manner. Tax collectors were tarred and feathered; tea was dumped into Boston Harbor by a group of anti-tax colonials who disguised themselves as Indians.

I would suggest that you look up The Stamp Act and the Boston Tea Party for specifics.

Answer 3

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