Electric charge is a property of certain subatomic particles (e.g., electrons and protons) which interacts with electromagnetic fields and causes attractive and repulsive forces between them. Electric charge gives rise to one of the four fundamental forces of nature, and is a conserved property of matter that can be quantified. In this sense, the phrase "quantity of electricity" is used interchangeably with the phrases "charge of electricity" and "quantity of charge". There are two types of charge: we call one kind of charge positive and the other negative. Through experimentation, we find that like-charged objects repel and opposite-charged objects attract one another. The magnitude of the force of attraction or repulsion is given by Coulomb's law.
2007-01-31 07:28:59
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answer #1
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answered by EUPKid 4
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In 1999 in the United States we produced electricity from 6 large categories.
Coal - 56%(1)
2.095 pounds of CO2 are expelled into the atmosphere for every kilowatt produced. (2) This is our most polluting and most plentiful fossil fuel used to generate electricity. In addition, the tiny particles that come out of the smoke stacks have been proven to cause cancer. (6) In a typical fossil fuel burning power plant about one-third of the energy contained in the fuel is converted into electricity, while the remainder is emitted as waste heat. CO2 emissions from coal-fired electricity generation comprise nearly 80 percent of the total CO2 emissions produced by the generation of electricity in the U.S., while the share of electricity generation from coal was just over 50% in 1999. (2)
Nuclear - 22.38%(1)
No CO2 is expelled into the atmosphere directly from nuclear fission, but when...
"the entire nuclear fuel cycle and plant construction are taken into account, nuclear energy produces 4 or 5 times the emissions of renewable energy. You need to look at uranium mining and milling, processing, enrichment, fuel fabrication, transportation from centralized manufacturing sites, reactor construction, and nuke waste disposal. All these things are energy intensive.
For example, the Paducah, New York, uranium enrichment plant uses so much energy that it has a dedicated coal-fired electricity generating plant to meet its needs. Further, the plant is the nation's largest contributor of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which destroy the ozone layer that protects our fragile environment from harmful rays of sun."
- Michael Welch, January 2002 issue, Home Power Magazine.
Where will the radioactive waste go? Nobody knows for sure, but a mountain in Nevada is the only place still under serious consideration (Nevada gets none of it's electricity from nuclear power plants). Glad I don't live in Nevada. We've had nuclear reactors in the U.S. for decades and we still haven't found a place to put the waste. Hmmm...
Natural Gas - 9.3%(1)
1.321 pounds of CO2 are expelled into the atmosphere for every kilowatt produced. (2) Natural gas has been a very plentiful source of energy until recently. There are estimates that half of the natural gas on the planet has been unused, which means we have a huge amount left over. However, what is left in the ground is in much smaller pockets than what has been extracted in the past. This means that in Texas for example, 17 new gas drills have to be installed every day in order to keep up with production. That starts to get expensive. We are the largest importer of natural gas in the world, almost entirely from Canada. (4) What happens when Canada needs more money and raises prices? What happens when Canadians decide they need to hold on to their domestic production of natural gas? Only a few companies in the United States control the natural gas pipelines that provide us with this resource, making us extremely vulnerable to price hikes. The 280 million people in the U.S. use the same amount of natural gas as 3 billion people in Europe and Asia. Conservation would seem like a good idea, but alas, virtually all of the new power plants being built in the U.S. burn natural gas. (4)
Hydroelectric - 9.3%(1)
This source of electricity is particularly popular in the West and Northwest. The environmental costs of hydroelectric dams are often severely underestimated. Entire ecosystems are destroyed when rivers vital to local habitat for animals and plants become lakes, and cover many square miles of land. Spawning of fish species is hampered even with human efforts to try and help (often we make a bigger mess than we had when we started trying to offset our own impact). Idaho gets virtually all of its electricity (93.3%) from water falling at man-made dams. (5) What happens to 1 million people in Idaho when terrorists bomb hydroelectric dams? Hospitals, stoplights, businesses, homes without power indefinitely is what happens, not to mention thousands of people down stream from the dams drowned. Don't think it's possible? Remember September 11th, very few people thought that was possible, and the ones that did were ignored. One other disadvantage of hydro is droughts. No water, no electricity. Some people like to think of large-scale hydroelectric power as renewable. Not me. Small-scale or "Micro-Hydroelectric Generation" is an environmentally friendly way to make electricity. It provides electricity on site with no environmental impact.
heres the link click on this:
http://www.chrisp.com/conservation/electricity.html
2007-01-31 15:25:19
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answer #2
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answered by ♥!BabyDoLL!♥ 5
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Go to www.howstuffworks.com this is a good site to find out explanations to a lot of question. Try it out.
2007-01-31 15:32:03
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answer #3
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answered by Diesel 1
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http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/as/physics/3/asp3_5a.html
2007-01-31 15:26:43
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answer #4
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answered by whatever 4
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