April 12, 1963
Birmingham Nonviolent March Erupts
Church leaders Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Ralph Abernathy, along with fifty-eight others, are arrested during a peaceful protest against racial barriers in Birmingham, Alabama. Hundreds of blacks and some police are injured during the resulting violent confrontation. This event sparks a cluster of arrests and police brutality that occurs throughout the next few months.
In the 1950s and '60s Birmingham received national and international attention as a center of the civil rights struggle for African-Americans. The city was given the derisive nickname Bombingham because of a string of racially motivated bombings that took place during this time. A watershed in the civil rights movement occurred in 1963 when Martin Luther King, Jr., imprisoned for having taken part in a nonviolent protest, wrote the now famous Letter from Birmingham Jail, a defining treatise in his cause against segregation. Birmingham is also known for a bombing which occurred later that year, in which four black girls were killed by a bomb planted at the 16th Street Baptist Church. The event would inspire the African-American poet Dudley Randall's opus, The Ballad of Birmingham.
The Letter from Birmingham Jail or Letter from Birmingham City Jail, commonly but incorrectly rendered Letter from a Birmingham Jail, was an open letter written on April 16, 1963 by Martin Luther King, Jr., an American civil rights leader. King wrote the letter from the city jail in Birmingham, Alabama, after a peaceful protest against segregation. The letter is a response to a statement made by eight white Alabama clergymen on April 12, 1963 titled "A Call For Unity" which agreed that social injustices were taking place but expressed the belief that the battle against racial segregation should be fought solely in the courts and not taken onto the streets. King responded that, without forceful, direct actions such as his, true civil rights could never be achieved. As he put it, "This 'Wait' has almost always meant 'Never.'" He asserted not only that civil disobedience is justified in the face of unjust laws, but also that "one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws."
The letter was first published as "Letter from Birmingham Jail" in the June 12, 1963 edition of The Christian Century [Source: reprinted in Reporting Civil Rights, Part One - (page 777- 794) - American Journalism 1941 - 1963. The Library of America]
2007-01-29 18:18:20
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answer #1
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answered by Anonymous
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Lots of places, You can either use a search engine such as Google or Dogpile and do a search for "Birmingham March, 1963". You can either put it in quotes or leave the quote marks out. Another place would be to look in Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia or go to your local library and ask the research desk to put you in the direction of newspapers in Alabama from that time. Tell them what your research project is all about. I'm sure they will give you tons of stuff to read.
2007-01-30 02:09:08
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answer #2
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answered by Sicilian Godmother 7
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